教师助理(Teacher assistants)又称助教，主要是在教师或班主任的监督下给学生额外的照顾和辅导。
工作内容
教师助理职责要求
- 一对一的帮助学生批改作业；
- 加强学校和班级的秩序，帮助学生恪守行为准则；
- 协助教师批改试卷；
- 协助教师准备教材和课堂设备；
- 监督学生。*(3)
助教的学历要求不一，从高中毕业文凭到副学士学位文凭。针对来自贫穷阶层的大群学生而言，要求助教具备至少2年的副学士学位文凭。
技能与品质
- 沟通能力（Communication skills）
- 表达能力（Instructional skills）
- 耐力（Patience）
- 人际交往能力（People skills）*(4)
工作环境
助教行业一览表
Industry |
Employment |
Percent of industry employment |
Annual mean wage |
|
Elementary and Secondary Schools |
中小学教育 |
938,210 |
11.32 |
$25,550 |
Child Day Care Services |
托儿服务 |
104,500 |
12.98 |
$21,460 |
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
高等教育 |
29,890 |
1.03 |
$29,700 |
Junior Colleges |
专科院校 |
17,480 |
2.29 |
$29,140 |
Individual and Family Services |
个人与家庭服务 |
16,420 |
1.26 |
$23,980 |
Other Schools and Instruction |
其他学校与教学 |
15,150 |
4.28 |
$25,130 |
Offices of Physicians |
诊所医师 |
190 |
0.01 |
$29,590 |
Scientific Research and Development Services |
科研与开发 |
500 |
0.08 |
$29,320 |
Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals |
专科医院（除精神病院） |
360 |
0.15 |
$29,210 |
*(1)
根据美国劳工局2012年5月份公布的最新统计数据表明，助教的工作行业主要是中小学教育、托儿服务、高等教育、专科院校、个人与家庭服务、其他学校等。
全美几乎37%的助教工作是兼职。*(5)
根据美国劳工局2012年5月最新公布的数据表明，助教行业未来十年的发展几乎与全行业发展水平相当。主要原因是学生人数的增加，不管是公立学校还是私立学校。未来，招生仍会显示扩大趋势。*(6)
就业展望与薪资
助教行业年薪
中小学教育 |
$25,550 |
托儿服务 |
$21,460 |
高等教育 |
$29,700 |
专科院校 |
$29,140 |
个人与家庭服务 |
$23,980 |
其他学校与教学 |
$25,130 |
诊所医师 |
$29,590 |
科研与开发 |
$29,320 |
专科医院（除精神病院） |
$29,210 |
*(1)
2015年
美国从业人数最多州（前五）：
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| California | 141,010 | 9.1 | 1.02 | - | $31,220 |
| New York | 123,900 | 13.79 | 1.55 | - | $27,710 |
| Texas | 80,040 | 6.92 | 0.78 | - | $22,140.00 |
| Illinois | 54,720 | 9.35 | 1.05 | - | $27,600 |
| New Jersey | 54,350 | 13.91 | 1.56 | - | $27,170 |
美国产业最集中州（前五）：
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| Vermont | 5,430 | 17.89 | 2.01 | - | $30,350 |
| Kansas | 19,650 | 14.33 | 1.61 | - | $23,680 |
| New Jersey | 54,350 | 13.91 | 1.56 | - | $27,170.00 |
| New York | 123,900 | 13.79 | 1.55 | - | $27,710 |
| New Hampshire | 8,600 | 13.54 | 1.52 | - | $28,810 |
美国从业人数最多都会区：
| Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 82,970 | 12.81 | 1.44 | - | $28,550 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 37,180 | 9.06 | 1.02 | - | $30,990 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 31,550 | 8.83 | 0.99 | - | $29,230 |
| Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division | 21,470 | 16.82 | 1.89 | - | $29,390 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 19,080 | 10.15 | 1.14 | - | $32,040 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 18,640 | 7.71 | 0.87 | - | $32,050 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 17,080 | 6.88 | 0.77 | - | $21,770 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 16,760 | 5.72 | 0.64 | - | $21,950 |
| Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division | 15,870 | 13.76 | 1.54 | - | $27,530 |
| Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ | 14,580 | 7.77 | 0.87 | - | $25,090 |
美国产业业最集中都会区：
| Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA NECTA Division | 1,010 | 23.44 | 2.63 | - | $32,330 |
| Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ | 1,240 | 20.9 | 2.35 | - | $22,110 |
| Yakima, WA | 1,760 | 20.71 | 2.32 | - | $29,910 |
| Albany, OR | 850 | 20.58 | 2.31 | - | $26,950 |
| Kingston, NY | 1,200 | 20.52 | 2.3 | - | $26,880 |
| Merced, CA | 1,270 | 19.83 | 2.23 | - | $32,420 |
| Watertown-Fort Drum, NY | 800 | 19.24 | 2.16 | - | $23,440 |
| Visalia-Porterville, CA | 2,660 | 18.87 | 2.12 | - | $25,270 |
| El Centro, CA | 1,010 | 18.45 | 2.07 | - | $27,300 |
| Waterbury, CT | 1,240 | 18.37 | 2.06 | - | $34,060 |
注：
(1) Location quotient ：产业集中指数，其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值，大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平，反之，小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式：（Employment per thousand jobs）/[Σ（Employment per thousand jobs）/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多州
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Annual mean wage |
California |
134,840 |
9.43 |
1.04 |
$29,490 |
New York |
118,500 |
13.87 |
1.52 |
$27,130 |
Texas |
78,300 |
7.4 |
0.81 |
$20,720 |
New Jersey |
47,830 |
12.61 |
1.39 |
$26,170 |
Pennsylvania |
44,840 |
8.01 |
0.88 |
$25,100 |
*(1)
产业集中州
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Annual mean wage |
Vermont |
5,860 |
19.93 |
2.19 |
$27,100 |
New York |
118,500 |
13.87 |
1.52 |
$27,130 |
New Hampshire |
8,410 |
13.73 |
1.51 |
$27,810 |
Maine |
7,900 |
13.6 |
1.49 |
$30,160 |
Kansas |
16,960 |
12.84 |
1.41 |
$22,320 |
*(1)
注：Location quotient：产业集中指数，其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值，大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平，反之，小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式：（Employment per thousand jobs）/[Σ（Employment per thousand jobs）/50]
参考资料
(1) Teacher assistants U.S. Bureau of LaborStatistics
(2) Teacher assistants, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Teacher assistants, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Teacher assistants, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Teacher assistants, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Teacher assistants, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics