学生辅导员(School Counselors)也译作学校辅导员,学生顾问等,简称辅导员。
工作内容
辅导员在各个国家或地区职能并不一样,在国内通常由学校教师兼任,一般只有高校和一些条件较好的中小学设置,主要负责一定的管理角色而非咨询的角色,类似于班主任的工作;但在欧美等地,辅导员通常不是由教师兼任,而是由专职的辅导员——包括中小学与大学——担任,而且在高校的专业设置里,还通常设有专门的学生辅导专业。*(6)
美国的学生辅导员主要职责是帮助学生提高社交技巧、完成学业及就业-等,一般来说其工作职责如下:
- 通过面对面咨询等方法,帮助学生理解或克服社交及行为问题;
- 根据学生需求提供相应的咨询;
- 与学生一同努力,提高学生的组织能力、时间管理能力及养成高效学习的习惯;
- 帮助学生设定更切实际的学术及职业目标,并辅助为其制定相关计划;
- 通过面谈或其它手段,为学生评估其能力与兴趣;
- 与老师、管理人员、家长协作,帮助学生成功;
- 开设一些有关学校欺凌、药物滥用、及有关就业及职业规划等的课堂,向学生传授相关知识;
- 鉴定并报告一些有关学生的负面信息,如家庭虐待等;
- 告知学生及家长一些可以利用的校外资源。
辅导员一般全职办公,拥有自己的个人办公室,可以方便地单独与学生沟通,开展工作。辅导员与教师一样,拥有寒暑假。*(7)
入行门槛
美国的学生辅导员通常必须拥有硕士学位,学生辅导或其相关专业毕业,且通过相关的注册认证,方可以上岗。*(5)
美国的学生辅导员必需获得美国各州颁发的相关证书资历,这些资历有的是执照、有的是证书,还有的只是一个认证背书,按州不同而不同。辅导员的相关认证通常必需经历一个非常严格的背景调查过程。有关辅导员认证资历的信息可以在美国学生辅导员协会(American School Counselors Association)的官方网站上找到。
品质与技能
学生辅导员必需具备的品质与技能:
- 同情心(Compassion);
- 倾听的技巧(Listening skills);
- 为人处事(People skills)
- 表达能力(Speaking skills)
就业展望与薪资
美国辅导员从业行业及薪水列表:
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 28,130 | 1.82 | 0.99 | $30.45 | $63,330 |
Texas | 22,750 | 1.97 | 1.07 | $27.24 | $56,650 |
New York | 21,190 | 2.36 | 1.28 | $31.13 | $64,750.00 |
Florida | 10,430 | 1.32 | 0.72 | $26.15 | $54,380 |
Illinois | 9,620 | 1.64 | 0.89 | $27.96 | $58,150 |
*(2)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Arizona | 8,040 | 3.11 | 1.69 | $21.58 | $44,890 |
Connecticut | 4,670 | 2.82 | 1.53 | $28.27 | $58,800 |
Idaho | 1,630 | 2.54 | 1.38 | $20.21 | $42,040.00 |
Vermont | 760 | 2.52 | 1.37 | $25.65 | $53,340 |
Missouri | 6,730 | 2.48 | 1.35 | $22.27 | $46,320 |
*(2)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 13,740 | 2.12 | 1.15 | $32.89 | $68,410 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 8,110 | 1.98 | 1.08 | $31.06 | $64,610 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 6,040 | 1.69 | 0.92 | $29.29 | $60,920 |
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ | 5,880 | 3.13 | 1.71 | $22.40 | $46,590 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 5,020 | 2.03 | 1.1 | $28.21 | $58,670 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 4,610 | 1.57 | 0.86 | $28.52 | $59,320 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,520 | 1.87 | 1.02 | $33.14 | $68,920 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 3,980 | 1.71 | 0.93 | $29.70 | $61,780 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 3,170 | 1.8 | 0.98 | $29.96 | $62,330 |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 2,950 | 2.25 | 1.22 | $27.88 | $57,980 |
*(2)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Ithaca, NY | 550 | 11 | 5.99 | $33.09 | $68,820 |
Merced, CA | 370 | 5.74 | 3.12 | $30.05 | $62,500 |
College Station-Bryan, TX | 550 | 5.47 | 2.98 | $22.22 | $46,220 |
Auburn-Opelika, AL | 290 | 5.47 | 2.98 | $23.54 | $48,970 |
Provo-Orem, UT | 970 | 4.71 | 2.56 | $22.15 | $46,070 |
Bloomington, IN | 300 | 4.54 | 2.47 | $30.83 | $64,130 |
Corvallis, OR | 150 | 4.44 | 2.42 | $23.09 | $48,020 |
Columbia, MO | 400 | 4.37 | 2.38 | $20.31 | $42,250 |
Athens-Clarke County, GA | 350 | 4.35 | 2.37 | $21.93 | $45,620 |
Waterbury, CT | 290 | 4.22 | 2.3 | $26.36 | $54,820 |
*(2)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
从业人数最多:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
中小学教育 |
Elementary and Secondary Schools |
124,200 |
1.50 |
$30.27 |
$62,970 |
高等教育 |
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
45,770 |
1.58 |
$23.61 |
$49,110 |
专科院校 |
Junior Colleges |
19,400 |
2.54 |
$27.27 |
$56,730 |
职业康复服务 |
Vocational Rehabilitation Services |
11,010 |
3.39 |
$18.24 |
$37,940 |
个人与家庭服务 |
Individual and Family Services |
5,540 |
0.42 |
$18.89 |
$39,290 |
从业最集中:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
职业康复服务 |
Vocational Rehabilitation Services |
11,010 |
3.39 |
$18.24 |
$37,940 |
专科院校 |
Junior Colleges |
19,400 |
2.54 |
$27.27 |
$56,730 |
教育支持服务业 |
Educational Support Services |
3,630 |
2.46 |
$23.58 |
$49,040 |
技术与贸易学校 |
Technical and Trade Schools |
3,480 |
2.25 |
$24.03 |
$49,990 |
高等教育 |
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
45,770 |
1.58 |
$23.61 |
$49,110 |
*(2)
注:以上两表数据均为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,包括学生辅导员与职业顾问两种职业。
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
California |
29,790 |
2.08 |
1.14 |
$31.13 |
$64,750 |
Texas |
21,290 |
2.01 |
1.10 |
$26.28 |
$54,670 |
New York |
17,780 |
2.08 |
1.14 |
$30.18 |
$62,770 |
Pennsylvania |
11,130 |
1.99 |
1.09 |
$25.63 |
$53,310 |
Illinois |
9,870 |
1.75 |
0.96 |
$28.80 |
$59,900 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
Missouri |
6,930 |
2.66 |
1.46 |
$22.44 |
$46,670 |
Wyoming |
710 |
2.54 |
1.39 |
$27.91 |
$58,050 |
Vermont |
740 |
2.53 |
1.39 |
$24.37 |
$50,680 |
South Carolina |
4,370 |
2.43 |
1.33 |
$26.07 |
$54,220 |
Maryland |
5,940 |
2.36 |
1.30 |
$28.68 |
$59,650 |
*(2)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据,是学生辅导员与职业顾问两种职业的综合数据。
参考资料:
(1)辅导员-2014USNEWS职业排名USNEWS
(2)Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational CounselorsUS Bureau of LaborStatistics
(3)School and Career Counselors -SummaryUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4)School and Career Counselors -Job OutlookUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5)School and Career Counselors - How to Become a School or Career CounselorUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6)School and Career Counselors - What School Counselors DoUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7)School and Career Counselors - Work EnvironmentUS Bureau of Labor Statistics