计算机网络架构师(Computer Network Architects),一般简称网络架构师,也称为计算机网络工程师(Computer network engineers)。
工作内容
计算机网络架构师设计和构建数据通信网络,包括局域网(LANs)和广域网(WANs)以及因特网。这些网络可以小到只包含两台办公电脑,也可以大到一系列的分布于全球的网络系统。*(4)
工作职责:
- 计划和布局相关数据通信网络;
- 向相关管理人员展示和解释网络如此设计和布局的原因;
- 决定使用何种,如路由器、调解器、软件(如网络驱动软件等)等网络系统中需要用到的支持硬软件;
- 决定和设计电缆、设备的布局;
- 研究新型技术,并确定其是否可用于将来的网络布局;
- 综合考虑网络信息安全。
网络架构师通常与技术总监(CTO)合作,设计和规划网络布局,通常在网络布局上花的时间最多,也有部分网络架构师经常需要前往工地监督或指导施工工程师或工人的工作。信息网络架构师一般全职工作,甚少有兼职的网络架构师,一般在办公室办公,偶尔需要前往工地监督施工。*(5)
入行门槛
网络架构师一般要求有学士学位,计算机科学、计算机工程或信息技术相关专业毕业,一般需要1-5年的相关工作经验,不少用人单位还要求申请者拥有MBA或信息技术管理硕士(MIS)学位。网络架构师不需要有相关的注册认证。*(6)
品质与技能
网络架构师的重要品质与技能:
- 分析能力(Analytical skills)
- 专注(Concentration)
- 创新能力(Creativity)
- 客户服务技巧(Customer-service skills)
- 注重细节(Detail oriented)
- 创造力(Ingenuity)
- 领导力(Leadership skills)
- 组织能力(Organization skills)
- 解决问题能力(Problem-solving skills)
- 团队精神(Teamwork)
就业展望与薪资
网络架构师的薪水较高,以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局2015年5月公布的数据,美国网络架构师平均年薪$103,100,远高于美国全行业的平均水准以及计算机行业的平均水准——按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,计算机行业的平均年薪为$73,710。*(1)(7)
就美国来说,网络架构师未来职业岗位的增长速度较快。按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)网络架构师的岗位数预计增加12,700人,预计增幅9%,达到158,900人。该职业增长预期高于美国全行业平均预期增幅(7%),与计算机行业的预期增幅(12%)相当。*(3)
注:岗位预测的数据是包括网络架构师、网页开发师、计算机网络架构师三个职业在内的总体数据。
美国网络架构师从业行业及薪水列表:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
计算机系统及其相关服务 |
Computer Systems Design and Related Services |
38,240 |
2.39 |
$46.19 |
$96,070 |
有线电信运营商 |
Wired Telecommunications Carriers |
12,490 |
2.16 |
$45.08 |
$93,770 |
公司与企业管理 |
Managementof Companies and Enterprises |
8,610 |
0.43 |
$43.91 |
$91,340 |
管理、科学及技术咨询 |
Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
5,740 |
0.52 |
$47.54 |
$98,890 |
保险公司 |
Insurance Carriers |
5,290 |
0.46 |
$45.94 |
$95,550 |
*(1)
注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Florida | 16,030 | 2.02 | 1.9 | $35.68 | $74,220 |
California | 14,320 | 0.92 | 0.87 | $61.05 | $126,990 |
Texas | 12,200 | 1.05 | 0.99 | $53.08 | $110,400.00 |
Virginia | 9,330 | 2.53 | 2.38 | $53.00 | $110,250 |
New York | 7,700 | 0.86 | 0.81 | $54.93 | $114,250.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Virginia | 9,330 | 2.53 | 2.38 | $53.00 | $110,250 |
District of Columbia | 1,480 | 2.19 | 2.06 | $49.75 | $103,490 |
Maryland | 5,290 | 2.04 | 1.92 | $50.69 | $105,430.00 |
Florida | 16,030 | 2.02 | 1.9 | $35.68 | $74,220 |
Washington | 6,000 | 2.01 | 1.89 | $47.86 | $99,560.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 8,660 | 3.58 | 3.37 | $54.53 | $113,420 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 7,220 | 1.11 | 1.05 | $59.77 | $124,320 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 4,990 | 2.14 | 2.02 | $50.72 | $105,510 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 4,580 | 1.85 | 1.74 | $52.85 | $109,930 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 3,880 | 2.53 | 2.38 | $51.67 | $107,480 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 3,520 | 1.87 | 1.76 | $47.60 | $99,010 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 3,460 | 0.97 | 0.91 | $54.70 | $113,780 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 3,170 | 3.14 | 2.95 | $69.55 | $144,670 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL | 3,120 | 2.56 | 2.41 | $38.67 | $80,430 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 3,090 | 1.75 | 1.65 | $57.51 | $119,620 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Olympia-Tumwater, WA | 1,480 | 14.62 | 13.75 | $39.65 | $82,470 |
Tallahassee, FL | 1,180 | 7.35 | 6.92 | $30.15 | $62,710 |
Gainesville, FL | 550 | 4.36 | 4.1 | $29.77 | $61,920 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 8,660 | 3.58 | 3.37 | $54.53 | $113,420 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 3,170 | 3.14 | 2.95 | $69.55 | $144,670 |
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division | 1,600 | 2.79 | 2.62 | $55.39 | $115,210 |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC | 770 | 2.68 | 2.52 | $46.63 | $97,000 |
Austin-Round Rock, TX | 2,490 | 2.68 | 2.52 | $57.80 | $120,220 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL | 3,120 | 2.56 | 2.41 | $38.67 | $80,430 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 3,880 | 2.53 | 2.38 | $51.67 | $107,480 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
California |
15,590 |
1.09 |
1.03 |
$52.14 |
$108,460 |
Florida |
14,430 |
1.98 |
1.87 |
$33.29 |
$69,230 |
Texas |
11,450 |
1.08 |
1.02 |
$45.16 |
$93,930 |
Virginia |
11,240 |
3.12 |
2.95 |
$50.30 |
$104,620 |
New York |
6,360 |
0.74 |
0.70 |
$48.53 |
$100,950 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
Virginia |
11,240 |
3.12 |
2.95 |
$50.30 |
$104,620 |
Florida |
14,430 |
1.98 |
1.87 |
$33.29 |
$69,230 |
Maryland |
4,760 |
1.89 |
1.79 |
$49.30 |
$102,540 |
Washington |
4,230 |
1.53 |
1.44 |
$47.59 |
$98,980 |
Massachusetts |
4,800 |
1.50 |
1.42 |
$51.85 |
$107,840 |
*(1)
注:
(1)Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2)以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
参考资料:
(1) Computer Network Architects US Bureau of LaborStatistics
(2)Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-SummaryUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- What Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- How to Become an Information Security Analyst, Web Developer, and Computer Network Architect US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-Pay US Bureau of Labor Statistics