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Normal, Illinois

Coordinates:40°30′44″N88°59′19″W / 40.51222°N 88.98861°W /40.51222; -88.98861
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Normal, Illinois
Town
Uptown Normal, looking east on North Street, 2011
Uptown Normal, looking east on North Street, 2011
Location of Normal in McLean County, Illinois
Location of Normal in McLean County, Illinois
Normal is located in Illinois
Normal
Normal
Location within the state of Illinois
Coordinates:40°30′44″N88°59′19″W / 40.51222°N 88.98861°W /40.51222; -88.98861
Country United States
State Illinois
County McLean
Townships Normal,Dry Grove,Towanda
Settled 1854
Founded February 1865
Incorporated February 25, 1867
Government
• Mayor Chris Koos
• City Manager Pamela Reece
Area
[1]
• Total 18.03 sq mi (46.70 km2)
• Land 17.94 sq mi (46.47 km2)
• Water 0.09 sq mi (0.23 km2) 0.33%
Elevation
[2]
830 ft (250 m)
Population
( 2020)
• Total 52,736
• Density 2,939.25/sq mi (1,134.85/km2)
Time zone UTC−6(Central Standard Time (USA))
• Summer (DST) UTC−5(Central Daylight Time)
Area code 309
FIPS code 17-53234
GNISID 2396818[2]
Website normalil.gov

Normalis a town inMcLean County, Illinois, United States. As of the2020 census, the town's population was 52,736. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of theBloomington–Normalmetropolitan area, and is Illinois' seventh most populous community outside theChicago metropolitan area. The main campus of Illinois' oldest public university,Illinois State University, a fully accredited four-year institution, is in Normal, as isHeartland Community College, a fully accredited two-year institution.Chris Kooshas been the mayor of Normal since 2003.[3]

History

[edit]
Normandy Village at the former Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Children's School

The town was laid out with the nameNorth Bloomingtonon June 7, 1854, by Joseph Parkinson.[4]From its founding, it was generally recognized thatJesse W. Fellwas the force behind the creation of the town. He had arranged for the new railroad, which would soon become theChicago and Alton Railroad, to pass west ofBloomingtonthen curving to cross theIllinois Central Railroadat a point where he owned or controlled land. Most of the original town lies south of these tracks, with Beaufort Street as its northern limit, and some blocks west of the Illinois Central and north of the tracks.[5]Fell, his brothers, and associates quickly laid out many additions to the original town.

The town was renamed Normal in February 1865 and officially incorporated on February 25, 1867.[6][7]The name was taken from Illinois State Normal University, anormal school(teacher-training institution) located there. The school has since been renamedIllinois State Universityafter becoming a general four-year university. Normal is adjacent toBloomington, Illinois, and when mentioned together they are known as the "Twin Cities", "Bloomington–Normal", "BN", or "BloNo".

In 2007, thetown councilvoted to name the downtown area "Uptown Normal",[8]and, as of 2011, Uptown Normal is home to the Children's Discovery Museum, Marriott Hotel and Conference Center, Hyatt Place Hotel, Uptown Station and Town Hall,Brewe-Ha's Bar and Grill and a variety of local shops and restaurants all centered around a roundabout.[9]The district is also home to the historic and non-profitNormal Theater, a restoredArt Decotheater owned by the Town of Normal that runs classic and independent films.

On August 31, 2021, amass shootingoccurred at a mobile home park in Normal that left three people dead and three more injured. The deceased were two women and a man, the latter being the gunman. He was killed by Normal Police Officers.[10][11]

Geography

[edit]

According to the 2010 census, Normal has a total area of 18.412 square miles (47.69 km2), of which 18.35 square miles (47.53 km2), or 99.66%, is land and 0.062 square miles (0.16 km2), or 0.34%, is water.[12]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Normal 4NE, Illinois (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21)		 73
(23)		 88
(31)		 95
(35)		 103
(39)		 106
(41)		 114
(46)		 105
(41)		 103
(39)		 93
(34)		 82
(28)		 72
(22)		 114
(46)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 33.4
(0.8)		 38.2
(3.4)		 49.8
(9.9)		 62.8
(17.1)		 74.0
(23.3)		 83.3
(28.5)		 86.0
(30.0)		 84.4
(29.1)		 78.8
(26.0)		 65.6
(18.7)		 50.2
(10.1)		 38.3
(3.5)		 62.1
(16.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 24.5
(−4.2)		 28.5
(−1.9)		 38.8
(3.8)		 50.3
(10.2)		 61.9
(16.6)		 71.6
(22.0)		 74.5
(23.6)		 72.6
(22.6)		 65.9
(18.8)		 53.7
(12.1)		 40.5
(4.7)		 29.8
(−1.2)		 51.1
(10.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.6
(−9.1)		 18.9
(−7.3)		 27.8
(−2.3)		 37.9
(3.3)		 49.8
(9.9)		 59.9
(15.5)		 63.0
(17.2)		 60.8
(16.0)		 53.0
(11.7)		 41.8
(5.4)		 30.7
(−0.7)		 21.4
(−5.9)		 40.0
(4.4)
Record low °F (°C) −24
(−31)		 −24
(−31)		 −15
(−26)		 5
(−15)		 21
(−6)		 31
(−1)		 41
(5)		 38
(3)		 22
(−6)		 6
(−14)		 −7
(−22)		 −22
(−30)		 −24
(−31)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 2.43
(62)		 1.99
(51)		 2.61
(66)		 3.72
(94)		 4.81
(122)		 4.08
(104)		 4.12
(105)		 3.83
(97)		 3.22
(82)		 3.48
(88)		 2.80
(71)		 2.30
(58)		 39.39
(1,001)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.5
(19)		 5.5
(14)		 2.2
(5.6)		 0.5
(1.3)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.8
(2.0)		 3.6
(9.1)		 20.1
(51)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 8.9 8.3 9.8 11.5 12.1 10.5 8.4 9.1 7.6 9.2 8.7 8.9 113.0
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 4.8 3.8 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.1 14.5
Source:NOAA[13][14]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1860 847 —
1870 1,116 31.8%
1880 2,470 121.3%
1890 3,459 40.0%
1900 3,796 9.7%
1910 4,024 6.0%
1920 5,143 27.8%
1930 6,768 31.6%
1940 6,983 3.2%
1950 9,772 39.9%
1960 13,357 36.7%
1970 26,396 97.6%
1980 35,672 35.1%
1990 40,023 12.2%
2000 45,386 13.4%
2010 52,497 15.7%
2020 52,736 0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
2018 Estimate[16]

As of the 2000 census,[17]there were 45,386 people, 15,157 households, and 8,184 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,332.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,286.7/km2). There were 15,683 housing units at an average density of 1,151.6 per square mile (444.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 87.57%White, 7.71%African American, 0.15%Native American, 2.21%Asian, 0.04%Pacific Islander, 0.93% fromother races, and 1.40% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 2.56% of the population.

There were 15,157 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% weremarriedcouples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 17.5% under the age of 18, 38.1% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 13.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,379, and the median income for a family was $60,644. Males had a median income of $41,323 versus $27,486 for females. Theper capita incomefor the town was $17,775. About 5.6% of families and 19.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]

The originalSteak 'n Shakerestaurant opened in Normal in 1934.[18]

Mitsubishi Motors North AmericaandChrysler Corporationestablished a manufacturing plant under the joint ventureDiamond-Star Motorsin 1986. It was Mitsubishi's only North American car manufacturing facility. It was closed May 31, 2016,[19]and purchased byRivian Automotivein January 2017.[20]

Farnsworth Group, a national architecture and engineering firm with over 500 employees, announced it will be relocating its headquarters to Uptown Normal in the 5-story, $30M, Trail East Development expected to open in 2020.[21]Afni, a national customer service firm, and Illinois State University's Small Business Development Incubator (SBDI) are also expected to move into Trail East.[22]

Rivian's largest U.S. manufacturing plant is in Normal, where it builds all-electric vehicles since 2021.[23]Amazonhas ordered more than 100,000 electric vehicles to be built at the plant.[24]The New York Timeshas described how the company has had a transformational effect on Normal.[25]

The town's major retail center is on Veterans Parkway on the east side of town. It includesThe Shoppes at College Hills, an outdoor mall on the site of the former College Hills Mall.

Arts and culture

[edit]
Children's Discovery Museum, 2008

The Children's Discovery Museum in uptown Normal provides hands-on exhibits, classes and programs for children. The museum has three floors of exhibits including a two-story mesh climber for children to climb to the third floor and a 2,000-square-foot (190 m2) agriculture exhibit called AgMazing. The museum also offers education programs and houses the Discover More! Store.[26]In 2010, the Children's Discovery Museum was deemed the best creative children's experience in Illinois by Media World USA's "Best of" Series.[27]The Children's Discovery Museum was subsequently featured on a Best of Illinois television program on CBS 2 WBBM Chicago and on the Travel Channel.[28]

The Illinois State University Planetarium offers a variety of science and astronomy programs for children from preschool to high-school. The planetarium is located in Felmley Hall of Science on ISU's campus. Public programs are usually offered on weekends and during special events.[29]

The Challenger Learning Center relocated to Heartland Community College in 2010.[30]The Challenger Learning Center promotes leadership, communication, problem-solving and critical thinking skills while offering an interactive, simulated space and science experience through scheduled team missions for students, public and corporate groups.[31]

The Normal Public Library first began as a Reading Room sponsored by the Community Council with Margaret Hanna overseeing the collection of three hundred books. In 1938, citizens voted to help support the library through donations. In 1973, the library moved to its current location at 206 W. College Avenue. As of 2018, the library's collection has grown to nearly 200,000 materials.[32]

Theatre

[edit]
Normal Theater

Normal Theateropened in 1937 and was the first theater in Bloomington-Normal built specifically for sound films. The strongart-decodesign was, at the time, very avant-garde for a small Illinois town. The Normal Theater has been completely restored to its original condition. In addition to showing classic movies and independent films, the theater is used for a variety of activities including group outings, meetings and other events where assembly seating is required.[33]

Braden Auditorium, located insideIllinois State University's Bone Student Center, serves as the hub of student life at ISU and a landmark resource to the Bloomington-Normal community. The Auditorium seats 3,457. Eight to ten annual shows feature a variety ofBroadwaymusicals, pop and country stars, touring variety shows, comedians and big name performers.[34]

The Town of Normal Parks and Recreation Department's "Normal Summer Music Theatre" program celebrated its 40th season in 2011. This program invites students in grades 8–12 to perform in two different productions each summer at the Connie Link Amphitheater.[35]

Heartland Theatre Company performs a number of plays every season. Heartland's Annual 10-Minute Play Festival attracts playwrights from all over the country and their "New Plays from the Heartland" Midwest One-Act Play Competition allows winning playwrights from eight Midwest states to share their original works with audiences.[36]

The Illinois State University Center for the Performing Arts provides the ISU campus and greater Central Illinois community with a wide variety of cultural activities. More than 20,000 people attend annual performances produced by the Illinois State University Schools of Music and Theatre in the center and all performances are open to the public.[37]

The Prairie Fire Theatre is a not-for-profit organization, incorporated in 1998. All events are performed and directed by local talent, drawing from a largely untapped but highly skilled pool of professional artists.[38]

Events

[edit]

Make Music Normal has coincided with the international Make Music Day in June since 2013. The two-day festival highlights musicians from the Central Illinois area on multiple stages around Uptown. Local artists and vendors complete the festival atmosphere.[39]

Established in 1983, the Sugar Creek Arts Festival is held each autumn in Uptown Normal. The combination of high-quality art, live music and food has kept the streets of Normal full of color and activity for over 22 years. The festival has a unique trait- only original pieces of artwork are shown; not copies of prints or items purchased overseas. The Sugar Creek Arts Festival, hosted by the McLean Country Arts Center, is one of the largest art festivals in Central Illinois and continues to grow.[40]

The Sweet Corn Blues Festival is held each August in Uptown Normal and features over 50,000 ears of fresh sweet corn, sidewalk sales, arts, crafts and flea market vendors. The festival also serves as a welcome back for students at Illinois State University.[41]

Beginning in 1978 with twenty-one performances on the tennis courts of Ewing Manor, theIllinois Shakespeare Festivalhas grown to become an internationally recognized company; now putting on thirty-six performances each season in a state-of-the-art, Elizabethan-style theater.[42]In 2009, the Illinois Shakespeare Festival was named one of the ten best theatre festivals anywhere by author Susan Magsamen in her book, "The 10 Best of Everything Families: An Ultimate Guide for Travelers", published byNational Geographic.[43]

Historic sites

[edit]
The WPA mural "Development of the State Normal School", by Albert Pels, is on display in the Normal Post Office.

TheIllinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Children's School, operated from 1865 until 1979, when it was officially closed. The reasons for closure included a rising high per capita cost of care, the deterioration of many campus buildings, and dwindling numbers of children referred by state agencies. Though several of the original structures have been abandoned and left derelict, others have been converted for a number of uses. These include a seniors community, a commercial pool providing swim lessons, and a community football field.

These three locations are listed in the National Register of Historic Places:

In December 2010, aRoute 66Wayside Exhibit was installed at the historicSprague's Super Servicebuilding in Normal. The exhibit tells the story of Route 66's great significance and impact on the community. Visitors are welcome anytime during daylight hours.[44]

Parks and recreation

[edit]

Normal offers many parks and facilities. As of February 2011, there are 24 parks, facilities and trails operated by the Town of Normal.[45]Fairview and David S. Anderson parks include swimming pools; Fairview Park includes a skate park for in-line skating and skateboarding; Carden Park includes "Safety Town", a place for pre-school aged children to "drive" tricycles complete with traffic signs; and Maxwell Park has a fenced-in dog park and Champion Fields.[46]

The Bloomington-NormalConstitution Trailis a 24-mile (39 km) trail that operates on dedicated right-of-way through much of the city. The north–south segment of the trail follows the abandoned Illinois Central Gulf railroad from Kerrick Road in Normal to Grove Street in Bloomington. The east–west segment intersects the north segment at Normal City Hall Annex and continues east to Towanda-Barnes Road. The Liberty Branch begins at Commerce Drive and ends at Old Farm Lakes Subdivision. The Freedom Branch begins at Lincoln Street and ends at Route 9 West. The trail is open to walkers, runners, in-line skaters, skateboarders, cyclists, wheelchair users, and other non-motorized forms of transportation. During winter months, it is not cleared of snow, and is available to skiers; weather permitting.[47]

The Ecology Action Center is a walk-in information and environmental education center for individuals, classes, workshops, and meetings. Opened in 1995, it provides the community with practical workshops on recycling, composting and energy saving, nature walks and educational field trips for schools and groups. Various publications and materials are available.[48]

Sports

[edit]

Golf

[edit]

In 2005,Golf Digestranked Bloomington-Normal as the Fifth Best American City for Golf in their "Best in America" Metro Golf Rankings.Golf Digestranked America's largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas on four different criteria: access to golf, weather, value of golf, and quality of golf.[49]

  • Ironwood Golf Course: 6,960 yards, Par 72, 18 holes. Ironwood Golf Course, owned and operated by the Town of Normal Parks and Recreation Department, is a championship course that includes four water hazards and four sets of tees that range from 5,580 to 6,960 yards. Ironwood's attributes, which include a grass tee driving range, large practice putting greens, a practice bunker, banquet room, pro shop, carts and individual or group lessons, offer a challenging test to players of all abilities. The 18-hole course, which opened in 1990, has hosted high school regional, sectional and conference championship tournaments and numerous collegiate tournaments; as well as state amateur qualification tournaments.[50]Ironwood also hosts the COUNTRY Youth Classic each summer.[51]
  • Weibring Golf Club at Illinois State University: 6,730 yards, Par 71, 18 holes. Weibring Golf Club, formerly known as University Golf Course, is located near the northwest corner of theIllinois State Universitycampus. The course was designed by golf course architect Robert Bruce Harris and opened for play in 1964. Re-designed in 2000, the course features bent grass greens, tees and fairways, continuous cart paths from tee to green, strategically placed bunkers and a variety of tees for every skill level. Weibring Golf Course has hosted IHSA Regional, Sectional and State Championships, NCAA Regional Championships and Intercollegiate Tournaments as well as annually hosting the COUNTRY Youth Classic.[51][52]
  • Golf Learning Center: Located at All Seasons, the Golf Learning Center is a synthetic turf facility, named one of the top 100 American golf ranges byGolf Range Magazine.[53]

Facilities

[edit]
CEFCU Arenaat Illinois State University

CEFCU Arena, formerly known as Redbird Arena is a 10,200-seat sports arena at Illinois State University. The arena is the home to theIllinois State Redbirdsmen's and women's basketball and volleyball teams. In addition, the arena also hosts the Illinois High School Association Girls Volleyball State Finals, Illinois High School Association Girls Basketball State Finals, Gamma Phi Circus, concerts, tournaments, conferences, job fairs, and other events.[54][55]

Champion Fields at Maxwell Park has aseating capacityof 2,300 and 10 lighted softball fields. The fields are divided into three areas; each equipped with a concessions stand, restrooms and seating for spectators. Champion Fields has played host to state, national and world softball events since 1996 including the NJCAA Division II Softball National Championship, Amateur Softball Association (ASA) Girls’ 18-Under Fastpitch National Tournament, and the State Farm Illinois Collegiate Softball Championship.[56]

The Corn Cribis a multi-purpose stadium with a capacity of 7,000 patrons.[57]The Corn Crib is home to the Normal CornBelters baseball team of the Prospect League and has been selected to host the Illinois High School Association Class 1A Boys Soccer State Finals through 2015.[58]

Hancock Stadiumis a 13,391-seat multi-purpose stadium at Illinois State University. The stadium is home to theIllinois State Redbirds footballteam, while also playing host to several annual events such as the State of Illinois Invitational High School Marching Band Championship and the Special Olympics State Summer Games. The newly renovated stadium includes 7 luxury boxes and 500 club seats, all of which provide access to the 5,500 square foot Hancock Stadium Club, which plays host to a variety of events outside football games, including receptions, banquets, weddings, and private events. The stadium is also highlighted by the addition of a 26 ft x 47 ftDaktronics15HD LED Video Display in the north endzone.[59][60]

Teams

[edit]
Club League Sport Venue Established Championships
Normal CornBelters Prospect League Baseball The Corn Crib 2009

Education

[edit]
View of the Illinois State Universityquad and College Avenue

Primary and secondary

[edit]

The Town of Normal is in theMcLean County Unit District No. 5, which includesNormal Community High School,Normal Community West High School, andKingsley Junior High School[61]Two schools in Normal are operated by Illinois State University:University High Schooland Thomas Metcalf Elementary.

Private schools include Cornerstone Christian Academy, Epiphany Catholic School, and Calvary Christian Academy.

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Normal is also home to two centers of higher learning.

Illinois State University, founded in 1857, was the first public university in the state, and is one of the Midwest's oldest institutions of higher education. It is a co-educational, residential university with an emphasis on the undergraduate program, offering more than 160 fields of undergraduate study. The Graduate School coordinates 38 masters, two specialist and seven doctoral programs. The 350-acre (1.4 km2) campus includes over 60 major buildings with state-of-the-art technology.Watterson Towersis one of the tallest dorm buildings in the world. From meeting facilities to cultural opportunities through the arts and excitement of numerous sporting events each year, ISU is a vital part of the Bloomington-Normal community.[62]

Heartland Community Collegehas more than 4,800 students, and is the youngest community college in Illinois. Heartland Community College offers training in more than 40 career fields in innovative and technologically progressive leaning facilities. Classrooms and labs combine the latest advances in technology with the type of personal, hands-on instruction students need to reach their academic goals. The HCC Campus features a library, community meeting spaces, a pond, bookstore, café and numerous locations for students to study or work on school projects. Recently, Heartland completed a new Corporate Education Center and founded an athletic program that includes baseball, softball and men's and women's soccer teams.[63]

Weekend education

[edit]

Bloomington/Normal Japanese Saturday School (ブルーミントン・ノーマル補習授業校Burūminton Nōmaru Hoshū Jugyō Kō), aJapanese weekend school, was established in 1986 and held at the Thomas Metcalf School.[64]It has a separate office in Normal.[65]

Police

[edit]

The Normal Police Department consists of 81 sworn officers and 26 civilian staff. The Chief of Police is Rick Bleichner. The department is nationally accredited by the Commission for Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies.

The department provides 24-hour town-wide coverage. In addition to deploying officers in patrol cars, the department also deploys officers on bike patrols and has been doing so since the 1980s. The department also has a full-time Criminal Investigation Division and two full-service canines.

Media

[edit]

Print

[edit]

FM radio

[edit]

AM radio

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]
The Bloomington-Normal Transportation Center

Normal is served byI-39,I-55,Interstate 74, onerailroadline, theCentral Illinois Regional Airport(BMI) in neighboringBloomington, andConnect Transitprovides public bus service in the area.

Highways

[edit]

Interstate 55wraps around the north and northwest edge of the town.Interstate 74shares the I-55 roadway on the western edge of Normal before splitting off toward the northwest. Normal is the southern terminus ofInterstate 39. HistoricRoute 66runs through the town.

Airport

[edit]

TheCentral Illinois Regional Airportis on Route 9 in Bloomington, approximately five miles (8 km) east-southeast from Uptown Normal. The airport is served by four airlines, five rental car agencies, and has direct daily flights toAtlanta,Chicago, andDallas-Ft. Worth.[66]A record 559,481 passengers flew to or from CIRA in 2010.[67]

Mass transit

[edit]

Connect Transithas 13 color-coded fixed routes in the area; a lift-assisted paratransit service called NiteRide, which operates when Illinois State University is in session; and a campus shuttle for ISU called Redbird Express.

Rail

[edit]

TheBloomington-Normal Amtrak stationis in Normal at 11 Uptown Circle. It was designed by RATIO Architects. The station is served daily by fourLincoln Servicetrains in each direction betweenChicagoandSt. Louis, and oneTexas Eaglein each direction betweenSan Antonioand Chicago. Three days a week, theEaglecontinues on toLos Angeles. The station also serves connecting bus service toPeoriaandAmtrakstations inGalesburgandChampaign-Urbana. It is Illinois' third-busiest Amtrak station after Chicago and Champaign-Urbana'sIllinois Terminal, servicing about 92,000 passengers in fiscal year 2021.[68]Traveling to Bloomington-Normal by Amtrak is a two-and-a-half-hour ride from St. Louis and Chicago.

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]
" I got high with a Sufjan Stevens fan in Normal, Illinois
And this song goes out to all you beautiful
American girls and boys" [69]

Sister cities

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on March 15, 2022. RetrievedMarch 15,2022.
  2. ^abU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Normal, Illinois
  3. ^"Mayor Chris Koos". Town of Normal.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
  4. ^Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and History of McLean County(Chicago: Munsell, 1908) p.902.
  5. ^Combined Indexed Atlas 1852 - 1914, McLean County, Illinois(Bloomington: McLean County Historical Society and McLean County Genealogical Society, 2006) p. 89.
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  15. ^"U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov.Archivedfrom the original on July 1, 2021. RetrievedJune 5,2013.
  16. ^"Population Estimates".United States Census Bureau. RetrievedJune 8,2018.[dead link]
  17. ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on July 9, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
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  21. ^BEIGH, DEREK."Normal's Trail East building 85 percent booked before construction".pantagraph.com.Archivedfrom the original on April 23, 2019. RetrievedApril 23,2019.
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