University of Oklahoma

University of Oklahoma

Former name	Norman Territorial University (1890–1907)
Motto	Latin:Civi et Reipublicae
Motto in English	"For the benefit of the Citizen and the State"[1]
Type	Publicresearch university
Established	December 19, 1890; 133 years ago(December 19, 1890)
Parent institution	Oklahoma State System of Higher Education - Regents of the University of Oklahoma
Accreditation	HLC
Academic affiliations	ORAU URA Space-grant
Endowment	$1.67 billion (2023)[2]
President	Joseph Harroz Jr.
Provost	André-Denis G. Wright
Academic staff	3,752 (Fall 2022)[3]
Administrative staff	6,455 (Fall 2022)[3]
Students	32,676 (Fall 2023)[4]
Undergraduates	23,156 (Fall 2023)[4]
Postgraduates	9,520 (Fall 2023)[4]
Location	Norman , Oklahoma , United States 35°12′32″N97°26′45″W / 35.2088°N 97.4457°W /35.2088; -97.4457
Campus	Midsize suburb, 3,000 acres (12.1 km2)
Other campuses	Oklahoma City Tulsa
Newspaper	The Oklahoma Daily
Colors	Crimsonand cream[5]
Nickname	Sooners
Sporting affiliations	NCAA Division I FBS-SEC[6] Big 12 MPSF
Mascot	Sooner Schooner
Website	ou.edu

TheUniversity of Oklahoma(OU) is apublicresearch universityinNorman, Oklahoma, United States. Founded in 1890, it had existed inOklahoma TerritorynearIndian Territoryfor 17 years before the two territories became the state of Oklahoma. In Fall 2023, the university had 32,676 students enrolled,^[7]most at its main campus in Norman. Employing nearly 4,000 faculty members,^[3]the university offers 174baccalaureateprograms, 199master'sprograms, 101doctoralprograms, and 88 certificate programs.^[8]

The university isclassifiedamong "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity",^[9]with over $416 million in research expenditures across its three campuses in FY 2022.^[10]Its Norman campus has two prominent museums, theFred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, specializing in FrenchImpressionismandNative Americanartwork, and theSam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, specializing in the natural history of Oklahoma.

The University of Oklahoma has won 44 team national championships, ranking the Sooners 13th all-time in NCAA team titles. OU also ranks 7th all-time in the number of NCAA Academic All-Americans with 215 athletes. Thewomen's softball teamhas won the national championship eight times: in 2000, 2013, and consecutively in 2016 and 2017 and in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024. Thegymnasticsteams have won a combined 18 national championships, with themen's teamwinning eight in the last 15 years, including three consecutive titles from 2015 to 2017.

Beginning with the1932 Summer OlympicsinLos Angeles, Sooners have made 90 appearances at the Olympics and collected 23 medals in total.^[11]

With the support ofGovernorGeorge Washington Steele, on December 18, 1890, theOklahoma Territoriallegislature established three universities: the state university in Norman, the agricultural and mechanical college inStillwater(later renamedOklahoma State University) and anormal schoolinEdmond(later renamedUniversity of Central Oklahoma).^[12]Oklahoma's admission into the union in 1907 led to the renaming of theNorman Territorial Universityas the University of Oklahoma. Norman residents donated 407 acres (1.6 km²) of land for the university 0.5 miles (0.8 km) south of the Norman railroad depot. The university's first president ordered the planting of trees before the construction of the first campus building because he "could not visualize a treeless university seat."^[13]Landscaping remains important to the university.^[14]

The university's first president,David Ross Boyd, arrived in Norman in August 1892, and the first students enrolled that year. The university established a School of Pharmacy in 1893 because of the territory's high demand for pharmacists. Three years later, the university awarded its first degree to a pharmaceutical chemist.^[15]The "Rock Building" in downtown Norman held the initial classes until the university's first building opened on September 6, 1893.^[16]

On January 6, 1903, the university's only building burned down and destroyed many records of the early university. Construction began immediately on a new building, as several other towns hoped to convince the university to move. President Boyd and the faculty were not dismayed by the loss. Mathematics professor Frederick Elder said, "What do you need to keep classes going? Two yards of blackboard and a box of chalk."^[17]As a response to the fire, English professorVernon Louis Parringtoncreated a plan for the development of the campus. Although much of the plan was never implemented, Parrington's suggestion for the campus core formed the basis for the North Oval. The North and South Ovals are now distinctive features of the campus.

The campus has a distinctive architecture, with buildings designed in a unique "Cherokee Gothic" style. The style has many features of the Gothic era but has also mixed the designs of local Native American tribes from Oklahoma. This term was coined by the renowned American architect Frank Lloyd Wright when he visited the campus.^[18]The university has built over a dozen buildings in the Cherokee Gothic style.

Presidents of the University of Oklahoma

David Ross Boyd, 1892–1908 A. Grant Evans, 1908–1912 Stratton D. Brooks, 1912–1923 James S. Buchanan, 1923–1925 William Bennett Bizzell, 1925–1941 Joseph A. Brandt, 1941–1943 George Lynn Cross, 1943–1968 John Herbert Hollomon, 1968–1970 Paul F. Sharp, 1971–1977 William S. Banowsky, 1978–1984 Frank E. Horton, 1985–1988 Richard L. Van Horn, 1989–1994 David Boren, 1994–2018 James L. Gallogly, 2018 – May 12, 2019 Joseph Harroz Jr., 2019–present

In 1907, Oklahoma entered statehood, fostering changes in the state's political atmosphere. Up until this point, Oklahoma'sRepublicantendencies changed with the election of Oklahoma's firstgovernor, theDemocraticCharles N. Haskell. Since the university's inception, religion had divided those on campus. Early in the university's existence, many professors werePresbyterian, as was Boyd. Under pressure, Boyd hired severalBaptistsand SouthernMethodists.^[19]The Presbyterians and Baptists coexisted but the Southern Methodists conflicted with the administration. Two notable Methodists, Nathaniel Lee Linebaugh and Ernest Taylor Bynum, were critics of Boyd and activists in Haskell's election campaign. When Haskell took office, he fired many of the university's Republicans, including President Boyd.^[20]

The campus expanded over the next several decades. By 1932, the university encompassed 167 acres (0.7 km²). Development of South Oval allowed for the southern expansion of the campus. The university built a new library on the oval's north end in 1936. By convincing the Oklahoma legislature to increase their original pledge of $200,000 for the library to $500,000, President Bizzell ensured an even greater collection of research materials for students and faculty.^[16]

Like many universities, OU had a drop in enrollment during World War II. Enrollment in 1945 dropped to 3,769, from its pre–World War II high of 6,935 in 1939.^[21]

Many infrastructure changes have occurred at the university. The southern portion of south campus near Constitution Avenue, still known to long-time Norman residents as 'South Base', was originally built as an annex to Naval Air Station Norman. It contained mostly single-story frame buildings used for classrooms and military housing.^[22]By the late 1980s, most were severely deteriorated and were demolished in the 1990s to make room for redevelopment. The Jimmie Austin University of Oklahoma Golf Course was built as a U.S. Navy recreational facility.^[22]

During World War II, OU was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in theV-12 Navy College Training Programwhich offered students a path to a Navy commission.^[23]

The north campus and airfield were built in the early 1940s as Naval Air Station Norman. The station served mainly an advanced flight training mission and could handle all but the largest bombers.^[24]A large earthen mound east ofInterstate 35and north of Robinson Street, colloquially known as 'Mount Williams',^[25]was a gunnery (the mound has been removed to make way for a commercial development).^[26]In the post–World War IIdemobilization, the university received the installation. Naval aviator's wings displayed at the entrance to the terminal commemorates this airfield's Naval past.

After the World War, the university enjoyed rapid growth and a surge in enrollment. By 1965, enrollment had risen over 450% to 17,268, causing housing shortages.^[21]In the mid-1960s, the administration constructed three new 12-story dormitories immediately south of the South Oval. In addition to these three towers, they built an apartment complex for married students, including men returning to college under theGI Bill.^[27]These apartments are now Kraettli Apartments.

In 1943George Lynn Crosstook over as president of the university, two years after the U.S. entered World War II. He served until 1968, 25 years later, becoming the longest-serving president in the university's history. Five presidents served in the next 25 years. In 1994, the university hired a president who has stayed longer.

TheCivil Rights Movementbegan a new era as the university began policies against racial discrimination and segregation after legal challenges and court cases outlawed discrimination. TheBizzell Memorial Libraryhas been designated a U.S.National Historic Landmarkin commemoration of the cases of G. W. McLaurin, a black man denied admission to graduate school in 1948. It was then state law that no school should serve both white and black students, but there were few or no separate graduate programs available for blacks. A court case effectively forced the Board of Regents to vote to admit McLaurin, but he was directed to study in a separated area within the law library and to be allowed to lunch only in a segregated area. The National Association for Advancement of Colored People brought the case to the U.S. Supreme court inMcLaurin vs. Oklahoma State Board of Regents. In 1950, the court overturned the university's policy for segregation at the graduate school level. The case was an important precedent for the more famous and sweeping 1954 case ofBrown v. Board of Educationwhich disallowed "separate but equal" policy at all school levels.^[28][29]

SinceDavid Borenbecame president in 1994, the University of Oklahoma system has experienced tremendous growth, with an increase in new developments throughout including the purchase of 60 acres (0.2 km²) for OU-Tulsa, the new Gaylord Hall, Price Hall, the ExxonMobil Lawrence G. Rawl Engineering Practice Facility, Devon Energy Hall, the Wagner Student Academic Services Center, the Research and Medical Clinic, the expansions of the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art,^[30]and theNational Weather Center.^[31]

In March 2015, the University of Oklahoma shut down the Oklahoma Kappa chapter of theSigma Alpha Epsilonfraternity when a video surfaced that showed memberssinging a racist chantas they rode a bus. Sigma Alpha Epsilon shut down the chapter on March 8, 2015,^[32]and University of Oklahoma presidentDavid Borengave members two days to leave the fraternity house. He also expelled two students who he said "played a leadership role" in the incident, creating "a hostile learning environment for others".^[33][34]The expulsion, allegedly without due process, earned the university a spot on theFoundation for Individual Rights in Education's 2016 "10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech".^[35]

David Boren, a formerU.S. senatorandGovernor of Oklahoma, served 24 years as the university's president from 1994 to 2018.James L. Galloglysucceeded Boren on July 1, 2018, only to retire ten months later on May 12, 2019.^[36]OU College of LawDeanJoseph Harroz Jr.was appointed effective immediately May 16, 2019 to a 15-month term as interim president.^[37]On May 9, 2020, Harroz was announced as the 15th president of the university by the Board of Regents.^[38]

As of Fall of 2022, the Norman campus had 22,249undergraduate studentsand 9,406postgraduate students.^[39]Following the Sooners' 2000 football national-championship season^[40]the university experienced an increase in college applicants and admissions. The falls of 1999 and 2000 both saw a 1.3% increase in the number of students over the respective previous years, while fall 2001 saw an increase of 4.8% over 2000.^[41]

The largest school,the College of Arts and Sciences, enrolls 35.2% of the OU-Norman students. The College of Arts & Sciences offers several programs, which include internships and most notably a joint archaeological program (withSaint Anselm CollegeofGoffstown, New Hampshire) inOrvieto, Italy.^[42]The next largest school,The Price College of Businessenrolls 13%. Other large colleges on the Norman campus include theCollege of Engineeringwith 10.6% and theCollege of Education,Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, andCollege of Liberal Studies, each with approximately 6% of the student body.^[43]

Smaller schools include the Colleges ofArchitectureandAtmospheric and Geographic Sciences,Earth and Energy, theWeitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts, and theCollege of Law.

New students do not have to declare amajor(a concentrated course of study) immediately and are not required to declare a major until their Junior year. If they are undecided in their major, they are considered a part of theUniversity College, composing approximately 8% of the student body. Many Pre-Health majors choose this option until they are able to apply for the medical program of their choice.^[43]

The Norman campus has three sections: north campus, main campus, and south campus. All three are connected by a bus service funded by student fees which allows students to park atLloyd Noble Centerand provides 5- to 10-minute service to the main and south campuses.^[44]Other regular Norman bus routes provide service to north campus as well as the main campus. The main and south campus are contiguous while the north campus is about two miles north of the main campus.

The Norman campus is the focus of a number of ghost stories, some negative, some positive.^[45][46]

The main campus is bordered by Boyd Street on the north, Timberdell Road on the south, Chautauqua Avenue on the west, and Jenkins Avenue on the east.^[47]The Norman campus is centered on two large "ovals." The Parrington Oval (or North Oval as it is commonly called) is anchored on the south by Evans Hall, the main administrative building. This building highlights the "CherokeeGothic" style of architecture locally derived from theCollegiate Gothicstyle, the style that dominates and defines the older buildings on the OU campus. The North Oval is bordered on the east by theOklahoma Memorial Union.

On the east side of the northernmost part of campus sits Sarkeys Energy Center while to the west is the Fred Jones, Jr. School of Art andFred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, home to the Weitzenhoffer Collection ofImpressionistart^[48]and the Catlett Music Center. Just south of Catlett is Goddard Health Center,^[49]an on-campus clinic that provides medical care and counseling and testing services to students, faculty, staff, and their dependents. Goddard comprises the OU Health Services laboratory, Counseling Services, Health Promotion, and a pharmacy. The Van Vleet Oval (or South Oval) is anchored on the north by theBizzell Memorial Libraryand flanked by academic buildings. When class is in session, the South Oval is often inundated with students going to and from class. Elm Avenue bounds the western edge of the academic portion of OU, with a few exceptions. Lying between Elm Avenue and Chautauqua Avenue are mostlyfraternity and sororityhouses.

On the east side of the central part of campus liesGaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium, just north of Lindsey Street on Jenkins Avenue. Immediately adjacent to the stadium is theBarry Switzer Center, a museum highlighting the historical success of Oklahoma athletics, as well as a comprehensive training facility for Oklahoma athletes. North of the stadium is theMcCasland Field House, the former home of Oklahoma Basketball and the current home of Oklahoma's wrestling, volleyball and gymnastics programs. Across Jenkins Avenue are the athletic dorms and statues honoring Oklahoma's past sevenHeisman Trophywinners. Other statues on campus include several honoring theNative Americanswho defined much of Oklahoma's history and a new memorial statue on the north side of Oklahoma Memorial Stadium honoring OU students, faculty, and staff that have died while serving in thearmed forces.^[50][51]

The portion of OU's main campus south of Lindsey Street includes three colleges, university housing, student activity and fitness facilities, and the Oklahoma Center for Continuing Education. The Joe C. and Carole Kerr McClendon Honors College is in David L. Boren Hall, which serves as an Academic Arts Community where residential rooms, faculty offices, classrooms, a computer center and library are all available in the same building.^[52]Other residence halls include the twelve-story Adams, Couch and Walker Centers, as well as Cate Center, made up of three- and four-story buildings, which are transitioning to faculty offices.^[53]

Adjacent to the residence facilities are the Sarkeys Fitness Center (formerly the Houston Huffman Fitness Center), Henderson-Tolson Cultural Center and the Jim Thorpe Multicultural Center. The Murray Case Sells Swim Complex is also nearby, providing indoor and outdoor swimming opportunities for the OU community. The Oklahoma Center for Continuing Education (OCCE) is one of eleven W. K. Kellogg Foundation-funded centers in the United States and Britain. It is home to OU Outreach, which consists of the College of Continuing Education and theCollege of Liberal Studies, and includes a conference center able to host events of up to 1500 participants.^[54]

The Oklahoma administration prides itself on the aesthetic appeal of the campus.^[13][55]All three campuses (Norman, Oklahoma City, and Tulsa) have beautifully landscaped gardens. Trees were planted on the OU campus before the first building was ever built.^[13]There are also many statues and sculptures around campus, most of which portray the strong influence of theNative Americanculture.

There are also four buildings on the main campus that are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places. They are theBizzell Library, theBeta Theta Pifraternity house, Casa Blanca (the oldAlpha Chi Omegasorority house), andBoyd House– the residence of the university president.^[56]

In September 2008, it was announced that the University of Oklahoma's main campus will be entirelypowered by windby 2013.^[57]According to OU president David Boren, "It is our patriotic duty as Americans to help our country achieve energy independence and to be sound stewards of the environment."^[58]The school plans to purchase its energy from the OU Spirit Wind Farm, which is scheduled for construction near Woodward in late 2009. The new source of energy is projected to cost the university an additional $5 million per year.^[59]

The Anne and Henry Zarrow School of Social Work was completed on the Norman campus in 2011 and houses facilities for the training of undergraduate and graduate social workers. The 12 million dollar building is named for the Zarrow family, a philanthropic couple from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Zarrows donated $5 million as the keystone donors for the new building with the remaining funds coming from a bequest of Ruth I. Knee, a graduate of the program, and a portion of the states federal stimulus funds.

On the far north side of Norman is the OU Research Campus-North, which includesUniversity of Oklahoma Max Westheimer Airport(ICAO: KOUN), theRadar Operations Center, the oldNational Severe Storms Laboratoryfacility, the OU OKDHS Training and Research Center, and Merrick Computer and Technology Center. Additional research facilities as part of OU's Gallogly College of Engineering also operate out of North campus including the High-Speed Aerothermodynamics Laboratory, Measurement and Automation Laboratory, Laboratory for Electrical Energy and Power Systems, and Laboratory for Smart Buildings.

OU's College of Aviation runs a programs in the education of future pilots, air traffic controllers and aviation industry professionals. The Aviation Accreditation Board has accredited the College of Aviation at North Base as one of only 29 accredited colleges in the world.^[60]

South of student housing is Timberdell Road, the approximate southern boundary of the university. South of this road are University-owned apartments and athletic complexes. Also on the south side of Timberdell Road is theCollege of Lawbuilding which was expanded in 2002 by the addition of a larger law library and courtroom.^[61]There are additional athletic complexes in this area, includingL. Dale Mitchell Baseball Park, the OU Softball Field, andLloyd Noble Center(the basketball arena).

OU owns the wooded area just south of Highway 9 between Chautauqua and Jenkins. This area is called Oliver's Woods. Ecology classes take field trips to Oliver's Woods frequently. They can use the area to study Ecological patterns including tree growth and pH in the ground. Visible patterns of plant dispersion can be studied in Oliver's Woods as well, including uniform, random, and clumped patterns. The area has a trail for people to follow and a creek running through the lower elevated area.

While this area has traditionally lacked academic buildings, the pressure of expansion in the northern part of campus led recently^[update]to the construction of new academic buildings – such as theNational Weather Centerand Stephenson Research and Technology Center – on the south end of campus. This area, now termed The University of Oklahoma's Research Campus,^[62]"brings academic, public and private sector organizations together in a mutually beneficial collaborative environment."^[63]

In 2004, global weather information provider WeatherNews opened its U.S. Operations Center in One Partners Place, in the research campus one block from the new NWC building.^[64]The southern boundary of the research campus isState Highway 9. OU'sAdvanced Radar Research Centeris also on the Research campus in its new Radar Innovations Laboratory building.

As of 2013^[update]the Life Sciences Research Center has opened, housing numerous chemical and biochemical research labs. Other buildings on the research campus include One Partners Place, Two Partners Place, Three Partners Place, Four Partners Place, and Five Partners Place. Housed within these buildings are the Center for Spatial Analysis and the Center for Applied Social Research among several others.

TheUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center's main campus is at the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, while a secondary Health Sciences campus is inTulsa. About 3,500 students enroll in one of the seven colleges at the Health Center. The distribution of students in each of these colleges is more uniform than that of the main campus.

The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), established in the early 20th century, is OU's presence in Oklahoma City. OUHSC is one of only four academic health centers in the nation with seven professional colleges.^[65]The nineteen buildings that make up the OUHSC campus occupies a fifteen block area in Oklahoma City near theOklahoma State Capitol. Surrounding these buildings are an additional twenty health-related buildings some of which are owned by the University of Oklahoma. With approximately 600 students and 600 residents and fellows training in specialties and subspecialties of medicine, theCollege of Medicineis the largest part of the Health Sciences Center. The major clinical facilities on campus are the OU Medical Center hospital complex, which and include The Children's Hospital, the OU Physicians clinics, and the Oklahoma CityVeterans AdministrationMedical Center. The Oklahoma Health Center at large has large, university-operated biomedical research facilities joined on campus by a growing biomedical and pharmaceutical research corporations developed by the Presbyterian Health Foundation, dedicated to biotechnology, research, and new scientific ventures.

It has been suggested that this article should be splitinto a new article titled University of Oklahoma-Tulsa Schusterman Center. ( discuss) (March 2021)

The University of Oklahoma-Tulsa Schusterman Center (OU-Tulsa) is home to all OU programs in Tulsa, OU Physicians-Tulsa, and the School of Community Medicine. OU-Tulsa offers six bachelor's degree completion programs; 14 master's degree programs; doctoral programs in medicine, physical therapy, education, early childhood education, engineering and nursing, as well as nine residency programs in medicine. Graduate certificate programs are also offered at OU-Tulsa.

More than 200 full-time faculty teach OU-Tulsa students and enrollment at OU-Tulsa exceeds 1,600 students. More than 1,000 employees work at the OU-Tulsa Schusterman Center and OU Physicians medical clinics throughout Tulsa. OU-Tulsa has service, education and research affiliations with more than 100 community agencies.

Programs offered at OU-Tulsa that are affiliated with departments on the Norman (main) campus of OU are referred to as Norman-based programs even when offered at OU-Tulsa. Norman-based programs on the Tulsa campus are primarily graduate level programs although an undergraduate degree completion program in Social Work is now being offered. Masters and doctoral level graduate programs as well as graduate certificate programs affiliated with a number of colleges on the Norman campus are offered on the Tulsa campus. The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest college on the Tulsa campus and includes programs in Human Relations, Library and Information Studies, Organizational Dynamics, Public Administration, and Social Work. Some graduate programs offered at OU-Tulsa are unique to the Tulsa campus such as Urban Design and Organizational Dynamics. Norman-based programs offered in Tulsa are predominately professional programs that include non-traditional scheduling formats such as evening and compressed format weekend courses to support the needs of working adults.

Established in 1972 as a branch of the main Health Sciences Center campus in Oklahoma City, theOU School of Community Medicine, formerly the College of Medicine–Tulsa, has enabled the university to establish medical residencies and provide for expandedhealth carecapabilities in the state. Between 1972 and 1999, OU's presence in Tulsa had grown but scattered. In 1999, a 60-acre (24 ha) site formerly owned byBP Amocowas sold to the university for $24 million (even though the property was appraised at $48 million). The site already featured a 370,000 square feet (34,370 m²) building with offices, labs, and classrooms.^[66]The university purchased this property with the help of a $10 million gift from the Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Foundation. The existing building was renamed theSchusterman Center.^[67]This historic, 60-acre property in the heart of Tulsa features original mid-century architecture surrounded by nearly 1,000 trees. New construction of the Schusterman Library and Schusterman Learning Center at OU-Tulsa has been designed in keeping with the original building style.

In 2003, Tulsa voters approved theVision 2025plan for capital improvements to the Tulsa metro area. Included in this plan was $30 million for a new Research and Medical Clinic near the existing Schusterman Center.^[68]Construction on the new building, the OU Schusterman Clinic, was completed in June 2007.

OU-Tulsa is also home to the OU School of Community Medicine. Created with the support of a $50 million donation from the George Kaiser Family Foundation, the school's mission is to improve the health status of all Oklahomans, particularly the urban and rural underserved.

The OU School of Community Medicine faculty comprises around 200 physicians representing a wide field of specialties. These doctors also form the OU Physicians medical practice group, which provides care to patients at some 25 clinic sites in the Tulsa area. The faculty's time is split among teaching medical students, supervising medical residents and providing patient care.

In 2012, The University of Oklahoma purchased a monastery inArezzo, Italy.^[69]In early 2016, renovations to the monastery neared completion and OU began the use of its newest permanent "campus" (denominated as a "Study Center") location outside of the state of Oklahoma. The university expects that one in five OU students who study abroad will go through the Arezzo campus.^{[citation needed]}The Arezzo campus has been described by university president, David Boren, as a first step for students and their parents to become acquainted with the world and gain an educational experience in a foreign land. The campus is scheduled to be dedicated in the summer of 2016. Boren chose the smaller town of Arezzo in part because of the small size of the town relative to nearbyFlorence, which boasts programs from about 50 American universities. With such a large number of American college students in Florence, Boren was concerned that OU students would have socialized with other Americans rather than the local Italians.^[69]

OU has study centers inPuebla, Mexico, andRio de Janeiro, Brazil. A center is planned forİzmir, Turkey.

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[70]	158-171
Forbes[71]	147
U.S. News & World Report[72]	124(tie)
Washington Monthly[73]	Unranked
WSJ/College Pulse[74]	147
Global
ARWU[70]	701-800
QS[75]	641-650
THE[76]	Unranked
U.S. News & World Report[77]	461(tie)

National Program Rankings[78]
Program	Ranking
Biological Sciences	112
Business	85
Chemistry	96
Computer Science	111
Earth Sciences	54
Economics	90
Education	79
Engineering	114
English	77
Fine Arts	158
Health Care Management	55
History	63
Law	76
Library & Information Studies	28
Mathematics	74
Medicine: Primary Care	63
Medicine: Research	70
Pharmacy	31
Physician Assistant	46
Physics	83
Political Science	61
Psychology	131
Public Affairs	72
Public Health	62
Social Work	77
Sociology	75

Global Program Rankings[79]
Program	Ranking
Engineering	530
Environment/Ecology	187
Geosciences	127
Physics	290
Plant and Animal Sciences	412
Social Sciences & Public Health	443
Space Science	227

The University of Oklahoma is a large residential,research university.^[9]The university consists of fifteencolleges, including 174majors.^[8]Native American studies includes language classes inCherokee,^[80]Choctaw,Mvskoke, andKiowa^[81]as part of the university's Native American language program; currently Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee I, II, and III are offered in both fall and spring semesters.^[81]The university has a high four-year full-time undergraduate enrollment including a high transfer-in population.^[9]While the two main campuses are in Norman andOklahoma City, affiliated programs inTulsaexpand access for students in eastern Oklahoma. Some of the programs in Tulsa include: architecture, arts and sciences, education, engineering, medicine, nursing, public health, allied health and liberal arts studies.^[82]

In addition to 174 majors to choose from, the University of Oklahoma also has a nationally recognizedHonors Collegefeaturing its own dedicated faculty, dormitories, and writing center.^[83]Every student from any major can apply to the college; if accepted the student is eligible to take honors classes and graduatecum laude. In order to graduate with honors, the student must complete 18 credit hours of honors classes and submit an honors thesis. Transfer students are able to transfer up to nine credit hours of honor classes from a different university.^[84]

In addition to being a member of the Southeastern Universities Research Association and Universities Research Association, undergraduate admission to the University of Oklahoma is categorized by theCarnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Educationas "more selective". For the 2010–2011 school year, 9,996 applied and 8,498 were admitted (85%).^[9]The university's freshman retention rate in 2009 was 82% and the six-year graduation rate was 62.0%.^[85]

In May 2019,U.S. News & World Reportsaid that the University of Oklahoma gave "inflated" data on its alumni giving rates for two decades and in response, would show the university as unranked in its 2019 edition of "Best Colleges" rankings.^[86]

The university has two prominent museums, theFred Jones Jr. Museum of Artand theSam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History.

• The Museum of Art was founded in 1936 and originally headed by Oscar Jacobson, the director of the School of Art at the time. The museum opened with over 2,500 items on display and was originally on campus in Jacobson Hall. Mr. and Mrs. Fred Jones ofOklahoma Citydonated money for a permanent building in 1971 and the building was named in honor of their son who died in a plane crash during his senior year at the University of Oklahoma.^[87]Since then, the museum has acquired many renowned works of Native American art and, in 2000, received the Weitzenhoffer Collection of FrenchImpressionismwhich includes works byDegas,Gauguin,Monet,Pissarro,Renoir,Toulouse-Lautrec,Van Gogh, andVuillard. As of 2011^[update]the museum has over 65,000 square feet (6,000 m²) filled with over 8,000 items from a wide array oftime periodsandmovements.^[87]In 2005, the museum expanded with the opening of the new Lester Wing designed bycontemporary architectHugh Newell Jacobsen. The architectural style of the new addition deviates from the Collegiate Gothic style of the university, but Jacobsen felt this was necessary given the contemporary works of art the wing would house.^[88]
• TheSam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, south of the main campus and directly southwest of the law building, specializes in the history of the people and animals that have inhabited Oklahoma over the last 300 million years. Since its founding in 1899, the museum has acquired over 5 million objects. In 2000, a new building was opened to house the ever-expanding museum. The new building offered nearly 200,000 square feet (18,600 m²) of space to display the many exhibits the museum has to offer.^[89]

The University of Oklahoma Library system has its headquarters inBizzell Memorial Library. It is the largest research library in Oklahoma and contains over 4.7 million volumes.^[90]It contains more than 1.6 millionphotographs, subscriptions to over 31,000periodicals, over 1.5 millionmaps, government documents dating back to 1893, and over 50incunabula.^[90]It has five locations on campus. The primary library is Bizzell Memorial Library, in the middle of the main campus. Other notable campus libraries include the Architecture Library, the Fine Arts Library, and the Geology Library. The OU library system contains many unique collections such as the History of Science Collections (which houses over 94,000 volumes related to the history of science,^[91]including hand-noted works byGalileo Galilei),^[92]the Bizzell Bible Collection, and the Western History Collection.

The School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS), the onlyAmerican Library Association-accredited program in Oklahoma,^[93]offers a graduate degree (Master of Library and Information Studies) and an undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Arts in Information Studies). The impact of OU and SLIS on the history of libraries in Oklahoma is shown in the recent list of 100 Oklahoma Library Legends as produced by the Oklahoma Library Association.^[94]Two current faculty, one faculty emeriti, and numerous others associated with either the OU libraries or SLIS account for nearly 10% of the list's members.

Oklahoma requires, with few exceptions, that all freshmen live in one of the sixresidence halls.^[95]Each residence hall has its own RSA (Resident Student Association) office, as well as its own computer lab and laundry facilities.

The most popular living option among freshmen is the Towers, two (formerly three) 12-story buildings on the south side of campus:

• Adams Center was split into four smaller towers (Johnson, McCasland, Muldrow, and Tarman), all united by a common ground floor. It had amenities such as a 24-hour study room, free tutoring courtesy of the University College,^[96]and Raising Cane's. It was closed to residents in Spring 2021 and demolition began May 10, 2023. North and South Halls are planned to replace it by the 2027 school year.^[97]
• Couch Center is split into east and west wings. It features Couch Express, a quick-stop restaurant, and a lounge that has a 3D printing lab and separate study rooms.
• Walker Center, also split into east and west wings, has a spacious kitchen on the first floor. It also houses a convenience store called Xcetera as well as Housing and Food services.

  

The Towers have suite-style rooms where two neighboring rooms share a bathroom. They are all around each other with the Couch Restaurants (often referred to by students as the Caf), completing the residence community. Couch Restaurants is an all-you-can-eat buffet composed of several different themed restaurants that serves a wide variety of food each day.

David L. Boren Hall is the fourth major residence hall on campus. Although it is commonly believed that this residence hall caters only to honors students, a large proportion of non-honors students live there.^[98]It has community-style bathrooms that are regularly cleaned by staff and shared with approximately 10–16 people.

Headington Hall, completed in the Summer of 2013, is the fifth major residence hall on campus and is on the corner of Lindsey and Jenkins street. This facility is named after Tim Headington, OU graduate and former OU tennis player. The housing facility contains 400 students (49 percent student athletes and 51 percent students who do not participate in intercollegiate sports).^[99]

The residential colleges, which are Dunham and Headington Colleges, are the sixth and newest major residence hall. having opened in Fall 2017. The majority of students who live in the residential colleges are upperclassmen, but some freshmen are allowed to live here if at least one of the roommates is in the Honors College.^[100]Dunham and Headington are connected by a dining hall that is open to all students.

The university owns several apartment complexes around the campus. Some of these apartments were old and dilapidated, and the university has taken the strides to resolve this issue. Two brand new complexes owned by the university opened in recent years; OU Traditions Square East in 2005 and OU Traditions Square West in 2006.^[101]

Due to a lowcost of livingin Oklahoma, many students find it financially viable to live off campus in either apartments or houses. In recent years, many new apartment or condominium complexes (not including the OU-owned properties) have been built^[102]in addition to a booming housing market that is resulting in Norman spreading further east. Many students also commute from nearbyMooreandOklahoma City, both north of Norman.

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[103]	Total
White	60%	60
Hispanic	11%	11
Other[a]	10%	10
Asian	7%	7
Black	5%	5
Native American	3%	3
Foreign national	3%	3
Economic diversity
Low-income[b]	24%	24
Affluent[c]	76%	76

ThePride of Oklahoma, the university'smarching band, celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2004 and consists of 311 student musicians and dancers from 19 states. Students wishing to enter the band go through a rigorous audition process. The band plays at every home football game. A smaller pep band, which usually consists of 100 members, travels to every away football game. The full band makes trips to the AT&TRed River Rivalrygame againstThe University of Texas,Big 12 Championship Game,bowl gamesand other games of importance. Members of the band are also present for many student events. It was awarded theSudler Trophyin 1987. In 2007, The Pride of Oklahoma marched in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, making it one of only a few bands to have ever marched in both the Tournament of Roses and Macy's Parades.^[104]

Thelocal chapter of the Army ROTCprovides officer training and education for nearly 100 OU students. Officially founded in 1919, it is one of the oldest such programs in the nation. OU Army ROTCcadetsare active in numerous campus andstateactivities. They provide militarycolor guardsforSooner football gamesand various on-campus ceremonies and events. After completing the Army ROTC program, OU students receive acommissionin either theRegular Army,Army Reserve, orNational Guard.

The campus student radio station, Studio U, broadcasts over the Internet. The campus TV station, OUTV, features student-produced programming five nights a week and is available onPublic-access televisioncable TV(Cox CommunicationsCh. 124, ATT uVerse 99) also via Facebook and YouTube sites.OU Nightly, the live student newscast, airs weekdays at 7:00am, 12:00pm, 4:30pm live and 9:30pm.Sooner Sportspad, a live sports program, airs live Monday nights at 7:30 on Fox Sports SW and throughout the week as repeats on OUTV. Oklahoma's Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication programs Studio U and OUTV. Oklahoma's Department of Continuing Education operatesKROUandKGOU, apublic radiostation broadcasting on 106.3 FM. KGOU is affiliated withNPR.

The campus newspaper,The Oklahoma Daily, is produced daily during the fall and spring semesters and weekly during the summer semester.The Oklahoma Daily's sister publication,Sooneryearbook, creates a 400-page coffee table book for current students and alumni.Sooner, ranked as one of the top two yearbooks nationwide, focuses on capturing the year with storytelling packages of text, photos and design.^[105]

Sports at Oklahoma
Men's	Women's
Baseball Basketball Cross country Football Golf Gymnastics Tennis Track & field Wrestling	Basketball Cross country Golf Gymnastics Rowing Soccer Softball Tennis Track & field Volleyball

The school's sports teams are called theSooners, a nickname given to early settlers during theland runwho sneaked into the offered territory and staked claims illegally before they were officially allowed to. They participate in theNCAA's Division I-Bowl Subdivision and in theSoutheastern Conference(SEC). The school sponsors nine sports for both men and women. The university has claimed 43 team national championships, which includes 17football national championships(football championships are not awarded by the NCAA).^[106]By far, OU's most famous and storied athletic program is the football program, which has produced sevenHeisman Trophywinners:Billy Vesselsin 1952,Steve Owensin 1969,Billy Simsin 1978,Jason Whitein 2003,Sam Bradfordin 2008,Baker Mayfieldin 2017, andKyler Murrayin 2018.^[107]Many Pro Football Hall of Famers, includingLee Roy SelmonandTroy Aikman, also attended the University of Oklahoma. In 1988, OU became the first school to participate in both the football and basketball national championships in the same year, an achievement unequaled until the 2006 season, whenOhio Stateand theUniversity of Floridawere both in each, with Florida winning both games. Oklahoma also currently holds the record for the longest winning streak in NCAA Division I history when they won 47 consecutive games between 1953 and 1957.^[108]In reference to the team's success and popularity as a symbol of state pride,George Lynn Cross, OU's president from 1943 to 1968, once told the Oklahoma State Senate, "I want a university the football team can be proud of."^[109]

Thewrestlingprogram is the fourth most decorated in college wrestling, having won seven national championships.^{[Note 1]}The men's gymnastics team has won twelve national championships, the most out of all sports at the University of Oklahoma.^{[Note 2]}In addition, Oklahoma has produced fiveNissen Emery Awardwinners, more than any other school and the only school with back-to-back honorees.^[110]The women's gymnastics team was crowned co-national champions with the University of Florida in 2014 and won back-to-back national championships in 2016 and 2017.^[111]Thesoftballteam has won eight national championships, the first in 2000^[112]another in 2013, back to back titles in 2016 and 2017, and four consecutive titles in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024. The baseball team won a national championship in 1951 and 1994.^[113]On May 10, 2007, the university announced the addition of women's rowing to the intercollegiate athletics program.^[114]A rowing facility will be built on theOklahoma Rivernear downtownOklahoma City. This is the first sport added since women's soccer was added in 1996.^[114]

The University of Oklahoma has had a long and bitter rivalry with theUniversity of Texasknown as theRed River Shootout, Red River Rivalry, or OU–Texas, with Texas having the better overall record at 59–43–5. This rivalry is often thought of as a contest of state pride along with school pride. OU also has a long-standing rivalry withOklahoma State University. Known as theBedlam Series, it encompasses all the athletic contests between the two universities with the winner receiving the Bedlam Bell. Another major historic rival is theUniversity of Nebraska, which was part of theBig 8 Conferencewith Oklahoma and later joined with Oklahoma and other schools in the formation of theBig 12 Conference. The Sooners made football history December 6, 2008, when they scored sixty or more points in five consecutive games. This achievement occurred during their victory over the University of Missouri for the Big 12 Championship.

On June 30, 2021, the University of Oklahoma Board of Regents unanimously accepted an invitation to join theSoutheastern Conference(SEC) along with the University of Texas beginning on July 1, 2024.^[115]

• 
  Carl Albert, former U.S. speaker of the House of Representatives
• 
  David Boren, former Oklahomagovernor and U.S. senator
• 
  Tom Coburn, physician and U.S. senator
• 
  Fred Haise, NASA Apollo 13astronaut
• 
  Ed Harris, Golden Globe Award-winning actor, The Truman Show
• 
  Peter MacDonald, Navajo code talker, 7th chairman of the Navajo Nation
• 
  Susana Martinez, governor of New Mexico

• 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing
• Boomer Sooner
• Neustadt International Prize for Literature
• Red telephone box
• RUF/NEKS

• Official website
• University of Oklahoma Athletics website
• Historic American Landscapes Survey(HALS) No. OK-39, "University of Oklahoma, Bounded by Boyd Street on the North, Timberdell Road on the South, Chautauqua Avenue on the West, and Jenkins Avenue, Norman, Cleveland, OK"
• "Oklahoma, University of".Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
• "Oklahoma, University of".New International Encyclopedia. 1905.