Dallas

Dallas
City
Downtown Dallas State Fair of Texas Old Red Museum Winspear Opera House Perot Museum American Airlines Center UT Southwestern Medical Center Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge JFK Memorial
Flag Seal
Nicknames: Big D, D-Town, Triple D, 214
Interactive map of Dallas
Dallas Location in Texas Show map of Texas Dallas Location in the United States Show map of the United States
Coordinates:32°46′45″N96°48′32″W / 32.77917°N 96.80889°W /32.77917; -96.80889
Country	United States
State	Texas
Counties	Dallas,Collin,Denton,Kaufman,Rockwall
Incorporated	February 2, 1856; 168 years ago(1856-02-02)
Government
• Type	Council–manager
• Body	Dallas City Council
•Mayor	Eric Johnson(R)
Area [1]
• City	385.9 sq mi (999.2 km2)
• Land	339.604 sq mi (879.56 km2)
• Water	43.87 sq mi (113.60 km2)
Elevation [2]	420 ft (130 m)
Population (2020) [3]
• City	1,304,379
• Rank	18thin North America 9thin the United States 3rdin Texas
• Density	3,840.88/sq mi (1,482.97/km2)
•Urban [4]	5,732,354 (US:6th)
• Urban density	3,281.5/sq mi (1,267.0/km2)
•Metro [5]	7,637,387 (US:4th)
Demonym	Dallasite
GDP [6]
• Dallas (MSA)	$688.9 billion (2022)
Time zone	UTC−06:00(Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−05:00(Central)
ZIP Codes	ZIP Codes [7] 75201-75212, 75214-75238, 75240-75244, 75246-75254, 75260-75267, 75270, 75275, 75277, 75283-75285, 75287, 75301, 75303, 75312-75313, 75315, 75320, 75326, 75336, 75339, 75342, 75354-75360, 75367-75368, 75370-75374, 75376, 75378-75382, 75389-75395, 75397-75398
Area codes	214, 469, 945, 972[8][9]
FIPS code	48-19000[10]
GNISfeature ID	1380944[2]
Website	dallascityhall.com

Dallas(/ˈdæləs/) is a city in theU.S. stateofTexasand the most populous city in theDallas–Fort Worth metroplex, themost populous metropolitan area in Texasand thefourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United Statesat 7.5 million people.^[11]It is the most populous city in andseatofDallas Countywith portions extending intoCollin,Denton,Kaufman, andRockwallcounties. With a2020 censuspopulation of 1,304,379, it is theninth-most populous city in the U.S.and thethird-most populous city in TexasafterHoustonandSan Antonio.^[12][13]Located in theNorth Texasregion, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in theSouthern United Statesand the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea.^[a]

Dallas and nearbyFort Worthwere initially developed as a product of the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access tocotton,cattle, and lateroilin North andEast Texas. The construction of theInterstate Highway Systemreinforced Dallas's prominence as atransportation hub, with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial andfinancial centerand a majorinland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways, and the construction ofDallas Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest andbusiest airportsin the world.^[14]In addition,Dallas Area Rapid Transit(DART) operates rail and bus transit services throughout the city and its surrounding suburbs.^[15]

Dominant sectors of its diverse economy includedefense,financial services,information technology,telecommunications, andtransportation.^[16]The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts 23Fortune500companies, the second-most in Texas and fourth-most in the United States,^[17][18]and 11 of those companies are located within Dallas city limits.^[19]Over 41 colleges and universitiesare located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and is one of the largestLGBT communities in the U.S.^[20][21]WalletHubnamed Dallas the fifth-most diverse city in the United States in 2018.^[22]

Indigenous tribes inNorth Texasincluded theCaddo,Tawakoni,Wichita,KickapooandComanche.^[23][24][25]Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty ofNew Spain. Later, France alsoclaimed the areabut never established much settlement. In all, six flags have flown over the area preceding and during the city's history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the Republic of Texas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America.^[26]

In 1819, theAdams–Onís Treatybetween the United States and Spain defined theRed Riveras the northern boundary of New Spain, officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory.^{[27][page needed]}The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, whenMexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state ofCoahuila y Tejas. In 1836,Texians, with a majority ofAnglo-Americansettlers,gained independence from Mexicoand formed theRepublic of Texas.^[28]

Three years after Texas achieved independence,John Neely Bryansurveyed the area around present-day Dallas.^[29]In 1839, accompanied by his dog and a Cherokee he called Ned, he planted a stake in the ground on a bluff located near three forks of the Trinity River and left.^[30]Two years later, in 1841, he returned to establish a permanent settlement named Dallas.^[31]Theorigin of the nameis uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice PresidentGeorge M. DallasofPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania. However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother,Commodore Alexander James Dallas, as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas and James R. Dallas.^[32][33]A further theory gives the ultimate origin as the village ofDallas, Moray, Scotland,^[b]similar to the wayHouston, Texas, was named afterSam Houston, whose ancestors came from the Scottish village ofHouston, Renfrewshire.

The Republic of Texas wasannexed by the United States in 1845and Dallas County was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1856.^[14]In the mid-1800s, a group of French Socialists establishedLa Réunion, a short-lived community, along the Trinity River in what is now West Dallas.^[34]

With the construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and was booming by the end of the 19th century. It became an industrial city, attracting workers fromTexas, the South, and theMidwest. ThePraetorian Buildingin Dallas of 15 stories, built in 1909, was among the firstskyscraperswest ofthe Mississippiand the tallest building in Texas for some time.^[35]It marked the prominence of Dallas as a city. A racetrack forthoroughbredswas built and their owners established the Dallas Jockey Club. Trotters raced at a track in Fort Worth, where a similar drivers club was based. The rapid expansion of population increased competition for jobs and housing.

In 1910, a white mob of hundreds of peoplelyncheda black man,Allen Brooks, accused of raping a little girl. The mob tortured Brooks, then killed him at the downtownintersection of Main and Akardbyhanginghim from a decorative archway inscribed with the words "Welcome Visitors". Thousands of Dallasites came to gawk at the torture scene, collecting keepsakes and posing for photographs.^[36][37]

In 1921, the Mexican presidentÁlvaro Obregónalong with the former revolutionary general visited Downtown Dallas's Mexican Park inLittle Mexico; the small park was on the corner of Akard and Caruth Street, site of the current Fairmont Hotel.^[38]The small neighborhood of Little Mexico was home to a Latin American population that had been drawn to Dallas by factors including theAmerican Dream, better living conditions,^[39]and the Mexican Revolution.^[40]

DuringWorld War II, Dallas was a major manufacturing center for military automobiles and aircraft for the United States and Allied forces. Over 94,000 jeeps and over 6,000 military trucks were produced at the Ford plant in East Dallas.^[41]North American Aviation manufactured over 18,000 aircraft at their plant in Dallas, including theT-6 Texantrainer,P-51 Mustangfighter, andB-24 Liberatorbomber.^[42]

On November 22, 1963,United States PresidentJohn F. Kennedy was assassinatedon Elm Street while hismotorcadepassed throughDealey Plazain Downtown Dallas.^[43]The upper two floors of the building from which the Warren Commission reportedassassinLee Harvey Oswaldshot Kennedy have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments.^[44]Kennedy was pronounced dead at DallasParkland Memorial Hospitaljust over 30 minutes after the shooting.

On July 7, 2016,multiple shots were fired at a Black Lives Matter protest in Downtown Dallas, held against the police killings of two black men from other states. The gunman, later identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, began firing at police officers at 8:58 p.m., killing five officers and injuring nine. Two bystanders were also injured. This marked the deadliest day for U.S. law enforcement since theSeptember 11 attacks. Johnson told police during a standoff that he was upset about recent police shootings of black men and wanted to kill whites, especially white officers.^[45][46]After hours of negotiation failed, police resorted to a robot-delivered bomb, killing Johnson insideDallas College El Centro Campus. The shooting occurred in an area of hotels, restaurants, businesses, and residential apartments only a few blocks away from Dealey Plaza.

Dallas is situated in theSouthern United States, inNorth Texas. It is thecounty seatofDallas Countyand portions of the city extend into neighboringCollin,Denton,Kaufman, andRockwallcounties. Many suburbs surround Dallas; threeenclavesare within the city boundaries—Cockrell Hill,Highland Park, andUniversity Park. According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 385.8 square miles (999.3 km²); 340.5 square miles (881.9 km²) of Dallas is land and 45.3 square miles (117.4 km²) of it (11.75%) is water.^[47]Dallas makes up one-fifth of the much larger urbanized area known as theDallas–Fort Worth metroplex, in which one quarter of all Texans live.

Dallas's skyline has twenty buildings classified asskyscrapers, over 490 feet (150 m) in height.^[48]Despite its tallest building not reaching 980 feet (300 m), Dallas does have a signature building inBank of America Plazawhich is lit up in neon but falls outside the top two hundred tallest buildings in the world. Although some of Dallas's architecture dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the notable architecture in the city is from themodernistandpostmodernisteras. Iconic examples of modernist architecture includeReunion Tower, theJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial,I. M. Pei'sDallas City Halland theMorton H. Meyerson Symphony Center.^[49]Good examples of postmodernist skyscrapers areFountain Place,Bank of America Plaza,Renaissance Tower,JPMorgan Chase Tower, andComerica Bank Tower.Downtown Dallasalso has residential offerings in downtown, some of which are signature skyline buildings.

Several smaller structures are fashioned in theGothic Revivalstyle, such as theKirby Building, and theneoclassicalstyle, as seen in theDavisandWilsonBuildings. One architectural "hotbed" in the city is a stretch of historic houses alongSwiss Avenue, which has all shades and variants of architecture fromVictorianto neoclassical.^[50]TheDallas Downtown Historic Districtprotects a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1940s.

The city of Dallas is home to many areas, neighborhoods, and communities. Dallas can be divided into several geographical areas which include larger geographical sections of territory including many subdivisions or neighborhoods, forming macroneighborhoods.

Central Dallas is anchored by Downtown Dallas, the center of the city, along withOak LawnandUptown, areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, and nightlife.^[51]Downtown Dallas has a variety of named districts, including theWest End Historic District, theArts District, theMain Street District,Farmers Market District, theCity Center Business District, theConvention Center District, and theReunion District. This area includes Uptown,Victory Park, Harwood, Oak Lawn,Dallas Design District,Trinity Groves,Turtle Creek,Cityplace,Knox/Henderson,Greenville, andWest Village.

East Dallasis the location ofDeep Ellum, an arts area close to Downtown, theLakewoodneighborhood (and adjacent areas, includingLakewood Heights,Wilshire Heights,Lower Greenville,Junius Heights, andHollywood Heights/Santa Monica),Vickery PlaceandBryan Place, and the architecturally significant neighborhoods of Swiss Avenue andMunger Place. Its historic district has one of the largest collections ofFrank Lloyd Wright-inspiredprairie-stylehomes in the United States. In the northeast quadrant of the city isLake Highlands, one of Dallas's most unified middle-class neighborhoods.^[52]

Southwest of Downtown liesOak Cliff. Once a separate city founded in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff was annexed in 1903 by Dallas.^[53]As one of the oldest areas in Dallas, the hilly North Oak Cliff is home to 5 of the 13 conservation districts in Dallas including the architecturally significantKessler Parkneighborhood and trendyBishop Arts District.

South Dallasis the location ofCedars, andFair Park, where the annualState Fair of Texasis held from late September through mid-October. Also located here isExposition Park, Dallas, noted for having artists, art galleries, and bars along tree-lined Exposition Avenue.^[54]

South Side Dallas is a popular location for nightly entertainment. The neighborhood has undergone extensive development and community integration. What was once an area characterized by high rates of poverty and crime is now one of the city's most attractive social and living destinations.^[55][56]

Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood ofPleasant Grove. Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching toSeagovillein the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides. Swampland and wetlands separating it from South Dallas are part of theGreat Trinity Forest,^[57]a subsection of the city'sTrinity River Project, newly appreciated for habitat andflood control.

Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat. The city lies at elevations ranging from 450 to 550 feet (137 to 168 m) above sea level. The western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, alimestoneescarpment(also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises 230 feet (70 m) and runs roughly north–south through Dallas County. South of theTrinity River, the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of Oak Cliff and the adjacent cities of Cockrell Hill,Cedar Hill,Grand Prairie, andIrving. Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to the west inTarrant Countysurrounding Fort Worth, as well as along Turtle Creek north of Downtown.

Dallas, like many other cities, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The Trinity River, though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through the city.Interstate 35Eparallels its path through Dallas along theStemmons Corridor, then south alongside the western portion of Downtown and past South Dallas and Pleasant Grove, where the river is paralleled byInterstate 45until it exits the city and heads southeast towardsHouston. The river is flanked on both sides by 50 feet (15 m) tall earthenleveesto protect the city from frequent floods.^[58]

Since it was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than adrainage ditchwithin a floodplain for several miles above and below Downtown, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to theTrinity River Project,^[59]which was begun in the early 2000s.

The project area reaches for over 20 miles (32 km) in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately 44,000 acres (180 km²) in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. Green space along the river encompasses approximately 10,000 acres (40 km²), making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in the world.^[60]

White Rock LakeandJoe Pool Lakeare reservoirs that comprise Dallas's other significant water features. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, White Rock Lake Park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the 66-acre (267,000 m²)Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, on the lake's eastern shore.White Rock Creekfeeds into White Rock Lake and then exits into the Trinity River southeast of Downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System.

Bachman Lake, just northwest ofLove Field Airport, is a smaller lake also popularly used for recreation. Northeast of the city isLake Ray Hubbard, a vast 22,745-acre (92 km²) reservoir in an extension of Dallas surrounded by the suburbs ofGarland,Rowlett,Rockwall, andSunnyvale.^[61]To the west of the city isMountain Creek Lake, once home to theNaval Air Station Dallas(Hensley Field) and a number of defense aircraft manufacturers.^[62][63]North Lake, a small body of water in an extension of the city limits surrounded by Irving andCoppell, initially served as a water source for a nearby power plant but is now being targeted for redevelopment as a recreational lake due to its proximity toDallas/Fort Worth International Airport, a plan the lake's neighboring cities oppose.^[64]

Dallas, Texas
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D 2.6 58 38 2.8 62 42 3.5 70 49 3.2 77 57 4.6 85 66 3.8 93 74 1.7 97 78 2.2 97 77 3.1 90 70 4.8 80 59 2.9 68 48 3.2 59 40 █Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █Precipitation totals in inches Source:NOAA[65]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D 66 14 3 71 17 6 88 21 10 80 25 14 116 29 19 97 34 23 43 36 25 56 36 25 79 32 21 122 26 15 74 20 9 82 15 4 █Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █Precipitation totals in mm

Dallas has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classification: Cfa) characteristic of theSouthern Plainsof the United States. It also has both continental and tropical characteristics, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range for the latitude. Located at the lower end ofTornado Alley, it is prone to extreme weather, tornadoes, and hailstorms.

Summers in Dallas are very hot with high humidity, although extended periods of dry weather often occur. July and August are typically the hottest months, with an average high of 96.0°F(36°C) and an average low of 76.7 °F (25 °C). Heat indices regularly surpass 105 °F (41 °C) due to elevated humidity during the summer months, making the summer heat almost unbearable. The all-time record high is 113 °F (45 °C), set on June 26 and 27, 1980 during theHeat Wave of 1980at nearbyDallas/Fort Worth International Airport.^[66][67]

Winters in Dallas are usually mild, with occasional cold spells. The average date of first frost is November 12, and the average date of last frost is March 12.^[68]January is typically the coldest month, with an average daytime high of 56.8 °F (14 °C) and an average nighttime low of 37.3 °F (3 °C). The normal daily average temperature in January is 47.0 °F (8 °C) but sharp swings in temperature can occur, as strong cold fronts known as "Blue Northers" pass through the Dallas region, forcing temperatures below the 40 °F (4 °C) mark for several days at a time and often between days with high temperatures above 80 °F (27 °C). Snow accumulation is seen in the city in about 70% of winter seasons, and snowfall generally occurs 1–2 days out of the year for a seasonal average of 1.5 inches (4 cm). Some areas in the region, however, receive more than that, while other areas receive negligible snowfall or none at all.^[69]The all-time record low temperature within the city is −3 °F (−19 °C), set on January 18, 1930. The temperature at nearbyDallas/Fort Worth International Airportreached −2 °F (−19 °C) on February 16, 2021, duringthe February 2021 North American winter storm.

Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with moderate and pleasant weather. Vibrantwildflowers(such as thebluebonnet,Indian paintbrushand otherflora) bloom in spring and are planted around the highways throughout Texas.^[70]Springtime weather can bequite volatile, but temperatures themselves are mild. Late spring to early summer also tends to be the most humid, with humidity levels frequently exceeding 75%. The weather in Dallas is also generally pleasant from late September to early December and on many winter days. Autumn often brings more storms and tornado threats, but they are usually fewer and less severe than in spring.

Each spring, cold fronts moving south from the North collide with warm, humid air streaming in from theGulf Coast, leading to severethunderstormswithlightning, torrents of rain,hail, and occasionally,tornadoes. Over time, tornadoes have probably been the most significant natural threat to the city, as it is near the heart ofTornado Alley.

A few times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting infreezing rainor ice and causing disruptions in the city if the roads and highways become slick. Temperatures reaching 70 °F (21 °C) on average occur on at least four days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing,^[66]with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the record for the fewest freezing nights with 14. During this same span of 15 years,^[specify]the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below 15 °F (−9 °C), though it will generally fall below 20 °F (−7 °C) in most (67%) years.^[66]

TheU.S. Department of Agricultureplaces Dallas inPlant Hardiness Zone 8b.^[71][72]However, mild winter temperatures in the past 15 to 20 years had encouraged the horticulture of more cold-sensitive plants such asWashingtonia filiferaandWashingtonia robustapalms, nearly all of which died off duringthe February 2021 North American winter storm. According to theAmerican Lung Association, Dallas has the 12th highest air pollution among U.S. cities, ranking it behind Los Angeles andHouston.^[73]Much of the air pollution in Dallas and the surrounding area comes from a hazardous materials incineration plant in the small town ofMidlothianand from cement plants in neighboringEllis County.^[74]

The average daily low in Dallas is 57.4 °F (14 °C), and the average daily high is 76.9 °F (25 °C). Dallas receives approximately 39.1 inches (993 mm) of rain per year. The record snowfall for Dallas was 11.2 inches (28 cm) on February 11, 2010.

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	1,073		—
1860	698		−34.9%
1870	3,000		329.8%
1880	10,358		245.3%
1890	38,069		267.5%
1900	42,639		12.0%
1910	92,104		116.0%
1920	158,976		72.6%
1930	269,475		69.5%
1940	294,734		9.4%
1950	434,462		47.4%
1960	679,684		56.4%
1970	844,401		24.2%
1980	904,078		7.1%
1990	1,006,977		11.4%
2000	1,188,580		18.0%
2010	1,197,816		0.8%
2020	1,304,379		8.9%
2023 (est.)	1,302,868		−0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[80] 2010–2020[3]

Dallas is theninth-most-populous city in the United Statesandthird in Texasafter the cities ofHoustonandSan Antonio.^[12]Its metropolitan area encompasses one-quarter of the population of Texas, and is the largest in the Southern U.S. andTexasfollowed by theGreater Houston metropolitan area. At the2020 United States censusthe city of Dallas had 1,304,379 residents, an increase of 106,563 since the2010 United States census.^[81]However, as of July 1, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Dallas in first years since the 2020 census lost 4,835 people, leaving the city with a population of 1,299,544.^[3]

There were 524,498 households at the 2020 estimates,^[82]up from 2010's 458,057 households, out of which 137,523 had children under the age of 18 living with them.^[83]Approximately 36.2% of households were headed by married couples living together, 57.2% had a single householder male or female with no spouse present, and 35.6% were classified as non-family households with the householder living alone.^[82]In 2010, 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who were 65 years of age or older. The average household size in 2020 was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.41.^[83]In 2018, the owner-occupied housing rate was 40.2% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 59.8%.^[84]At the 2010 census, the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. In 2010, 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female.^[85]In 2020, the median age 32.9 years; for every 100 females, there were 98.4 males.^[86]

According to the 2020American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $54,747; families had a median household income of $60,895; married-couple families $81,761; and non-families $45,658.^[87]In 2003–2007's survey, male full-time workers had a median income of $32,265 versus $32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over. Per 2007's survey, the median price for a house was $129,600;^[88]by 2020, the median price for a house was valued at $252,300, with 54.4% of owner-occupied units from $50,000 to $299,999.^[89]

The 2022Point-In-TimeHomeless Count found there were 4,410homelesspeople in Dallas.^[90][91]According to the Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis, "approximately 1 of 3 (31%) those experiencing homelessness were found on the streets or in other places not meant for human habitation."^[91]

The region surrounding Dallas is a habitat for mosquitoes, creating a pest problem for humans. Dallas and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly to control mosquito-borne diseases such asWest Nile virus.^[92]

Racial composition	2020[93]	2010[94]	1990[95]	1970[95]	1950[95]
Hispanic or Latino(of any race)	42.3%	42.4%	20.9%	7.5%[f]	n/a
White (non-Hispanic)	28.1%	28.8%	47.7%	66.9%[f]	n/a
Black or African American	22.9%	24.7%	29.5%	24.9%	13.1%
Asian	3.7%	2.9%	2.2%	0.2%	–

Dallas's population was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),^[96]but its population has diversified due to immigration andwhite flightover the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population.^[97]According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8% was Black or African American, 0.7%American IndianandAlaska Native, 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% fromtwo or more races; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race).^[98]

At theU.S. Census Bureau's 2019 estimates, 29.1% werenon-Hispanic White24.3% Black and African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, and 1.4% from two or more races.^[99]Native Hawaiianandother Pacific Islandersmade up a total of 312 residents according to 2019's census estimates, down from 606 in 2017.^[100]Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race made up 41.2% of the estimated population in 2019. Among the Hispanic or Latino American population in 2019, 34.6% of Dallas wasMexican, 0.4%Puerto Rican, 0.2%Cubanand 6.0% other Hispanic or Latino American. In 2017's American Community Survey estimates among the demographic 35.5% were Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 5.4% other Hispanic or Latino.^[101]By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race continued to constitute the largest ethnic group in the city proper,^[93]reflecting nationwide demographic trends.^{[102][103][104]}

The Dallas area is a major living destination forMexican Americansand other Hispanic and Latino American immigrants. The southwestern portion of the city, particularlyOak Cliffis chiefly inhabited by Hispanic and Latino American residents.^[105][106]The southeastern portion of the cityPleasant Groveis chiefly inhabited by African American and Hispanic or Latino American residents, while thesouthern portionof the city is predominantly black.^[107][108]The west and east sides of the city are predominantly Hispanic or Latino American;Garlandalso has a large Spanish-speaking population.North Dallashas many enclaves of predominantly white, black and especially Hispanic or Latino American residents.

The Dallas area is also a major living destination for Black and African Americans primarily due to its strong and diverse economy.^[109][110]Between 2010 and 2020, the Dallas area had the second-most new Black and African American residents only behind theAtlanta areaand slightly above the Houston area.^[111]The notable influx of African Americans is partly due to theNew Great Migration.^[112]There is a significant number of people from theHorn of Africa, immigrants fromEthiopia,EritreaandSomalia.^[113]

The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from the formerSoviet Bloc.^[114]Included in this population areRussians,Russian Jews,Ukrainians,Belarusians,Moldavians,Uzbek,Kirghiz, and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of "American husbands-Russian wives". Russian DFW has its own newspaper,The Dallas Telegraph.^[115][116]

In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those ofIndian,Vietnamese,Chinese,Korean,Filipino,Japanese, and other heritage.^[117][118]Among large-sized cities in the United States,Plano, the northern suburb of Dallas, has the6th largest Chinese American populationas of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000Iranian Americansin 2012.^[119][120]With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in thelinguistic landscape. According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.^[121]The 2018 census estimates determined that the city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens.^[122]

Recognized for having one of the largestlesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)populations in the nation, Dallas and the Metroplex are widely noted for being home to a vibrant and diverseLGBT community.^[123][124]Throughout the year there are many well-established but quite small compared to other cities LGBT events held in the area, most notably the annual Alan Ross Texas Freedom (Pride) Parade and Festival in June which draws approximately 50,000.^[125][126]For decades, theOak LawnandBishop Artsdistricts have been known as the epicenters ofLGBT culturein Dallas.^[127]

Christianityis the most prevalently practiced religion in Dallas and the wider metropolitan area according to a 2014 study by thePew Research Center(78%),^[129][130]and thePublic Religion Research Institute's 2020 study (77%).^[131]There is a largeProtestantChristian influence in the Dallas community, though the city of Dallas and Dallas County have more Catholic than Protestant residents, while the reverse is usually true for the suburban areas of Dallas and the city of Fort Worth.

Dallas has been called the "Prison Ministry Capital of the World" by the prison ministry community.^[132]It is a home for theInternational Network of Prison Ministries, the Coalition of Prison Evangelists, Bill Glass Champions for Life, Chaplain Ray's International Prison Ministry, and 60 other prison ministries.^[133]

Methodist,Baptist, andPresbyterianchurches are prominent in many neighborhoods and anchor two of the city's major private universities (Southern Methodist UniversityandDallas Baptist University). Dallas is also home to twoevangelicalseminaries: theDallas Theological SeminaryandCriswell College. ManyBible schoolsincludingChrist For The Nations Instituteare also headquartered in the city. TheChristian creationistapologetics groupInstitute for Creation Researchis headquartered in Dallas. According to the Pew Research Center,evangelical Protestantismconstituted the largest form of Protestantism in the area as of 2014.^[134]The largest single evangelical Protestant group were Baptists. The largest Baptist denomination was theSouthern Baptist Convention, followed by thehistorically blackNational Baptist Convention USA.^[134]African-initiated Protestant churchesincludingEthiopian Evangelicalchurches can be found throughout the metropolitan area.^[135][136]

TheCatholic Churchis also a significant religious organization in the Dallas area and operates theUniversity of Dallas, a liberal-arts university in the Dallas suburb of Irving. TheCathedral Santuario de la Virgen de Guadalupein theArts Districtis home to the second-largest Catholic church membership in the United States and overseas,^[137]consisting over 70 parishes in theDallas Diocese. TheSociety of Jesusoperates theJesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas. Dallas is also home to numerousEastern OrthodoxandOriental Orthodoxchurches includingSaint Seraphim Cathedral, see of theOrthodox Church in America'sSouthern Diocese.^[138]TheGreek Orthodox Archdiocese of America(Ecumenical Patriarchate) has one parish in the city of Dallas.^[139]

The city is home to a sizableLatter Day Saintcommunity.The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintshas twenty-threestakesthroughout Dallas and surrounding suburbs.^[140]The organization built theDallas Texas Temple, the first temple in Texas, in the city in 1984.^[141]Jehovah's Witnessesalso have a large number of members throughout the Dallas metropolitan division. In addition, there are severalUnitarian Universalistcongregations, including First Unitarian Church of Dallas, founded in 1899.^[142]A large community of theUnited Church of Christexists in the city. The most prominent UCC-affiliated church is theCathedral of Hope, a predominantlyLGBT-affirmingchurch.^[143]

Dallas'sJewishpopulation of 50,000-75,000 is the largest of any city in Texas.^[144]Since the establishment of the city's first Jewish cemetery in 1854 and its first congregation (which would eventually be known asTemple Emanu-El) in 1873, Dallasite Jews have been well represented among leaders in commerce, politics, and various professional fields in Dallas and elsewhere.^[145][146]Furthermore, a largeMuslim communityexists in the north and northeastern portions of Dallas, as well as in thenorthern Dallas suburbs.^[147]The oldest mosque in Dallas is Masjid Al-Islam just south of Downtown.^[148][149]

Dallas has a large Buddhist community. Immigrants fromEast Asia,Southeast Asia,Nepal, andSri Lankahave all contributed to the Buddhist population, which is concentrated in the northern suburbs ofGarland,PlanoandRichardson. Numerous Buddhist temples dot the Metroplex including The Buddhist Center of Dallas, Lien Hoa Vietnamese Temple of Irving, and Kadampa Meditation Center Texas and Wat Buddhamahamunee ofArlington. A large and growing Hindu Community lives in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Most live in Collin County and the northern portions of Dallas County. Over 28 Hindu Temples exist in the area. Some notable ones include the DFW Hindu Temple, theNorth Texas Hindu Mandir,Radha Krishna Temple, DallasandKarya Siddhi Hanuman Temple.^[150]There are also at least threeSikhGurudwarasin this metropolitan area.^{[151][152][153]}For irreligious people, the Winter Solstice Celebration is held in the Metroplex although some of its participants are alsoneo-pagansandNew Agers.^[154]

According to the FBI, a city to city comparison of crime rates can be misleading, because recording practices vary from city to city, citizens report different percentages of crimes from one city to the next, and the actual number of people physically present in a city is unknown.^[155]With that in mind, Dallas has one of the top 10 crime rates in Texas and its crime rate is higher than the national average.^[156][157]

Since 2020, Dallas' murder rate has seen a notable increase. In 2020, Dallas recorded 251 murders which was a 20-year high. By 2022 it decreased to 214 but then increased to 246 in 2023.^[158]As of 2020, the gang presence in Dallas has grown significantly and is heavily responsible for the spike in crime.^[159]Dallas leaders have made crime reduction a major priority.^[160][161]

Top publicly traded companies in Dallas for 2017 according to revenues with Dallas and U.S. ranks.
DAL	Corporation	US
1	AT&T	9
2	Energy Transfer Equity	79
3	Tenet Healthcare	134
4	Southwest Airlines	138
5	Texas Instruments	206
6	Jacobs Engineering	259
7	HF Sinclair	274
8	Dean Foods	351
9	Builders FirstSource	421
Further information: List of companies in Dallas–Fort Worth Source:Dallas Morning News[162]

In its beginnings, Dallas relied on farming, neighboringFort Worth'sStockyards, and its prime location on Native American trade routes to sustain itself. Dallas' key to growth came in 1873 with the construction of multipleraillines through the city. As Dallas grew and technology developed, cotton became its boon and by 1900, Dallas was the largest inland cotton market in the world, becoming a leader incotton ginmachinery manufacturing.

By the early 1900s, Dallas was a hub for economic activity all over the Southern United States and was selected in 1914 as the seat of theEleventh Federal Reserve District. By 1925, Texas churned out more than1⁄3of the nation's cotton crop, with 31% of Texas cotton produced within a 100-mile (160 km)radiusof Dallas. In the 1930s, petroleum was discovered east of Dallas, nearKilgore. Dallas' proximity to the discovery put it immediately at the center of the nation's petroleum market. Petroleum discoveries in thePermian Basin, thePanhandle, theGulf Coast, andOklahomain the following years further solidified Dallas' position as the hub of the market.^[163]

The end ofWorld War IIleft Dallas seeded with a nexus of communications, engineering, and production talent by companies such as Collins Radio Corporation. Decades later, the telecommunications and information revolutions still drive a large portion of the local economy. The city is sometimes referred to as the heart of "Silicon Prairie" because of a high concentration of telecommunications companies in the region, the epicenter of which lies along theTelecom CorridorinRichardson, a northern suburb of Dallas. The Telecom Corridor is home to more than 5,700 companies includingTexas Instruments(headquartered in Dallas),Nortel Networks,Alcatel Lucent,AT&T,Ericsson,Fujitsu,Nokia,Rockwell Collins,Cisco Systems,T-Mobile,Verizon Communications, andCompUSA(which is now headquartered inMiami,Florida).^[164]Texas Instruments, a major manufacturer, employs 10,400 people at its corporate headquarters and chip plants in Dallas.^[165]

In the 1980s Dallas was a real estate hotbed, with the increasing metropolitan population bringing with it a demand for new housing and office space. Several ofDowntown Dallas' largest buildings are the fruit of this boom, but over-speculation, thesavings and loan crisisand an oil bust brought the 1980s building boom to an end for Dallas as well as its sister city Houston. Between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, central Dallas went through a slow period of growth. However, since the early 2000s the central core of Dallas has been enjoying steady and significant growth encompassing both repurposing of older commercial buildings in Downtown Dallas into residential and hotel uses, as well as the construction of new office and residential towers. The opening ofKlyde Warren Park, built acrossWoodall Rodgers Freewayseamlessly connecting the central Dallas CBD to Uptown/Victory Park, has acted synergistically with the highly successful Dallas Arts District, so both have become catalysts for significant new development in central Dallas.

The residential real estate market in theDallas–Fort Worth metroplexhas not only been resilient but has once again returned to a boom status. Dallas and the greater metro area have been leading the nation in apartment construction and net leasing, with rents reaching all-time highs. Single family home sales, whether pre-owned or new construction, along with home price appreciation, were leading the nation since 2015.^[166][167]

A sudden drop in the price of oil, starting in mid-2014 and accelerating throughout 2015, has not significantly affected Dallas and its greater metro area due to the highly diversified nature of its economy. Dallas and the metropolitan region continue to see strong demand for housing, apartment and office leasing, shopping center space, warehouse and industrial space with overall job growth remaining very robust. Oil-dependent cities and regions have felt significant effects from the downturn, but Dallas's growth has continued unabated, strengthening in 2015. Significant national headquarters relocations to the area (as exemplified by Toyota's decision to leaveCaliforniaand establish its new North American headquarters in the Dallas area) coupled with significant expansions of regional offices for a variety of corporations and along with company relocations to Downtown Dallas helped drive the boom in the Dallas economy.

The Dallas–Fort Worth area has one of the largest concentrations of corporate headquarters for publicly traded companies in the United States.Fortune Magazine's2022 annual list of the Fortune 500 in America indicates the city of Dallas had 11 Fortune 500 companies,.^[19]and the DFW region as a whole had 23.^[18]As of 2022, Dallas–Fort Worth represents the second-largest concentration of Fortune 500 headquarters in Texas and fourth-largest in the United States, behind the metropolitan areas ofHouston(24),Chicago(35) andNew York(62).^[18]

In 2008,AT&Trelocated their headquarters to Downtown Dallas;^[168]AT&T is the largest telecommunications company in the world and was the ninth largest company in the nation by revenue for 2017.^[169]AdditionalFortune 500companies headquartered in Dallas in order of ranking includeEnergy Transfer Equity,CBRE(which moved its headquarters from Los Angeles to Dallas in 2020),^[170][171]Tenet Healthcare,Southwest Airlines, Texas Instruments,Jacobs Engineering,HollyFrontier,Dean Foods, and Builders FirstSource. In October 2016, Jacobs Engineering, one of the world's largest engineering companies, relocated fromPasadena, Californiato Downtown Dallas.^[172]

Nearby Irving is home to six Fortune 500 companies of its own, includingMcKesson, the country's largest pharmaceutical distributor and listed at number seven overall on the 2021 Fortune 500 list,^{[173][174][175]}Fluor(engineering),Kimberly-Clark,Celanese,Michaels Companies, andVistra Energy.^[176]Planois home to an additional four Fortune 500 companies, includingJ.C. Penney,Alliance Data Systems,Yum China, andDr. Pepper Snapple.^[176]Fort Worth is home to twoFortune 500companies, includingAmerican Airlines, the largest airline in the world by revenue, fleet size, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile andD.R. Horton, the largest homebuilder in America.^[176]Westlake, TX, north of Fort Worth, now has two Fortune 500 companies: Financial services giant,Charles Schwab, and convenience store distributor,Core-Mark.^[177][178]One Fortune 500 company,GameStop, is based inGrapevine.

Additional major companies headquartered in Dallas and its metro area includeComerica, which relocated its national headquarters to Downtown Dallas fromDetroitin 2007,^[179]NTT DATA Services, Regency Energy Partners,Atmos Energy,Neiman Marcus,AECOM,Think Finance,7-Eleven,Brinker International, Primoris Services,AMS Pictures,id Software,Mary Kay Cosmetics,Chuck E. Cheese's,Zale Corporation, andFossil, Inc. Many of these companies—and others throughout the DFW metroplex—comprise theDallas Regional Chamber.Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the world's largest breast cancer organization, was founded and is headquartered in Dallas.^[180]

In addition to its large number of businesses, Dallas has more shopping centers per capita than any other city in the United States and is also home to the second shopping center ever built in the United States,Highland Park Village, which opened in 1931.^[181]Dallas is home of the two other major malls in North Texas, theDallas GalleriaandNorthPark Center, which is the second largest mall in Texas. Both malls feature high-end stores and are major tourist draws for the region.^[182][183]

According toForbesmagazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published September 21, 2011, the city is home to 17 billionaires, up from 14 in 2009. In 2009 (with 14 billionaires) the city placed sixth worldwide among cities with the most billionaires.^[184][185]

Dallas is the third most popular destination for business travel in the United States, and theKay Bailey Hutchison Convention Centeris one of the largest and busiest convention centers in the country, at over 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m²), and the world's single-largest column-free exhibit hall.^[186]VisitDallasis the501(c)(6)organization contracted to promote tourism and attract conventions but an audit released in January 2019 cast doubts on its effectiveness in achieving those goals.^[187]

TheArts Districtin the northern section ofDowntownis home to several arts venues and is the largest contiguous arts district in the United States.^[188]Notable venues in the district include theDallas Museum of Art; theMorton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, home to theDallas Symphony OrchestraandDallas Wind Symphony; theNasher Sculpture Center; and theTrammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art.

ThePerot Museum of Nature and Science, also in Downtown Dallas, is anatural historyandscience museum. Designed by 2005 Pritzker Architecture Prize LaureateThom Mayneand his firm Morphosis Architects, the 180,000-square-foot (17,000 m²) facility has six floors and stands about 14 stories high.

Venues that are part of the AT&TDallas Center for the Performing ArtsincludeMoody Performance Hall, home to theDallas Chamber Symphony; theDee and Charles Wyly Theatre, home to theDallas Theater Centerand the Dallas Black Dance Theater; and theWinspear Opera House, home to theDallas OperaandTexas Ballet Theater.^[189][190]

Not far north of the area is theMeadows Museumat Southern Methodist University. In 2009, it joined up with Madrid'sPrado Museumfor a three-year partnership. The Prado focuses on Spanish visual art and has a collection of Spanish art in North America, with works by de Juanes, El Greco, Fortuny, Goya, Murillo, Picasso, Pkensa, Ribera, Rico, Velasquez, Zurbaran, and other Spaniards.

These works, as well as non-Spanish highlights like sculptures by Rodin and Moore, have been so successful of a collaboration that the Prado and Meadows have agreed upon an extension of the partnership.^[191]

The Institute for Creation Research operates theICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History, a creationism museum, in Dallas.^[192]The formerTexas School Book Depository, from which, according to theWarren CommissionReport,Lee Harvey Oswaldshot and killedPresidentJohn F. Kennedyin 1963, has served since the 1980s as acounty governmentoffice building, except for its sixth and seventh floors, which housethe Sixth Floor Museum.

The American Museum of the Miniature Artsis at the Hall of State inFair Park. The Arts District is also home toDISD'sBooker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts, a magnet school that was recently expanded.^[193]City Center District, next to the Arts District, is home tothe Dallas Contemporary.

Deep Ellum, immediately east of Downtown, originally became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the primejazzandblueshot spot in theSouth.^[194]Artists such asBlind Lemon Jefferson,Robert Johnson, Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter, andBessie Smithplayed in original Deep Ellum clubs such as the Harlem and the Palace. Today, Deep Ellum is home to hundreds of artists who live in lofts and operate in studios throughout the district alongside bars, pubs, and concert venues.^[195]

A major art infusion in the area results from the city's lax stance ongraffiti, and a number of public spaces, including tunnels, sides of buildings, sidewalks, and streets, are covered in murals. One major example, the Good-Latimer tunnel, was torn down in late 2006 to accommodate the construction of alight rail linethrough the site.^[196]

Like Deep Ellum before it, theCedarsneighborhood to the south of Downtown has also seen a growing population of studio artists and an expanding roster of entertainment venues. The area's art scene began to grow in the early 2000s with the opening of Southside on Lamar, an old Sears Roebuck and Company warehouse converted into lofts, studios, and retail.^[197]

Current attractions include Gilley's Dallas and Poor David's Pub.^[198][199]Dallas Mavericksowner and local entrepreneurMark Cubanpurchased land along Lamar Street nearCedars Stationin September 2005, and locals speculate he is planning an entertainment complex for the site.^[200]

South of the Trinity River, the Bishop Arts District inOak Cliffis home to a number of studio artists living in converted warehouses. Walls of buildings along alleyways and streets are painted with murals, and the surrounding streets contain many eclectic restaurants and shops.^[201]

Dallas has an Office of Cultural Affairs as a department of the city government. The office is responsible for six cultural centers throughout the city, funding for local artists and theaters, initiating public art projects, and running the city-ownedclassicalradio stationWRR.^[202]TheLos Angeles-class submarineUSSDallaswas planned to become a museum ship near the Trinity River after her decommissioning in September 2014, but this has since been delayed.^[203]It will be taken apart into massive sections in Houston and be transported by trucks to the museum site and will be put back together.

The city is served by theDallas Public Librarysystem. The system was created by the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs with efforts spearheaded by then presidentMay Dickson Exall. Her fundraising efforts led to a grant from philanthropist and steel baronAndrew Carnegie, which allowed the library system to build its first branch in 1901.^[204]

Today, the library operates 30 branch locations throughout the city, including the 8-storyJ. Erik Jonsson Central Libraryin theGovernment DistrictofDowntown.^[205]

Dallas is known for itsbarbecue, authenticMexican, andTex-Mex cuisine. Famous products of the Dallas culinary scene include theFrozen margarita machineby restaurateurMariano Martinez (entrepreneur)in 1971.^[206]

TheState Fair of Texashas been held annually atFair Parksince 1886, and generates an estimated $50 million to the city's economy annually.^[207]TheRed River Shootout,^[208]a football game that pits theUniversity of Texas at Austinagainst theUniversity of Oklahomaat theCotton Bowl, also brings significant crowds to the city. The city also hosts theState Fair ClassicandHeart of Dallas Bowlat theCotton Bowl.

Other festivals include severalCinco de Mayocelebrations hosted by the city's largeMexican Americanpopulation and aSaint Patrick's Dayparade alongLower Greenville Avenue,Juneteenthfestivities, Taste of Dallas, the Deep Ellum Arts Festival, theGreek Food Festival of Dallas, the annual Halloween event "The Wake", and two annual events on Halloween, including a Halloween parade onCedar Springs Roadand a "Zombie Walk" held inDowntown Dallasin theArts District.

With the opening ofVictory Park,WFAAbegan hosting an annual New Year's Eve celebration in AT&T Plaza that the television station hoped would be reminiscent of celebrations in New York'sTimes Square; New Year's Eve 2011 set a new record of 32,000 people in attendance.^[209]

After the discontinuance of the "Big D NYE" festivities a few years later, a new end-of-year event was started downtown, with a big fireworks show put on atReunion Tower, which has since aired onKXASand other TV stations around the state and region. Also, several Omni hotels in the Dallas area host large events to welcome in the new year, including murder mystery parties, rave-inspired events, and other events.

Downtown Dallasis home to two major league sports teams that play at theAmerican Airlines Center: theDallas Mavericks(NBA), who won theNBA Championshipin2011, and theDallas Stars(NHL), who won theStanley Cupin1999. NearbyArlingtonis home to theDallas Cowboys(NFL), who play at theAT&T Stadiumand have won fiveSuper Bowls, theTexas Rangers(MLB), who play atGlobe Life Field^[210][211]and won theWorld Seriesin2023, and theDallas Wings(WNBA), who play atCollege Park Center.MLSteamFC Dallasplays atToyota StadiuminFriscoand won theLamar Hunt U.S. Open Cupin 1997 and 2016. Additionally, there are several minor league and college sports programs in the area.

Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eightSuper Bowlsand winning five. The Cowboys are financially the most valuable sports franchise in the world, worth approximately $4 billion.^[212]In 2009, they relocated to their new 80,000-seat stadium in Arlington, which was the site ofSuper Bowl XLV^[213]and is set to host the most matches during the2026 FIFA World Cup.^[214][215]The Cowboys are currently part of theEast Divisionof theNational Football Conference(NFC).

The Texas Rangers won the American League pennant in 2010, 2011 and 2023, and won theWorld Seriesin 2023. The franchise relocated fromWashington D.C.in 1972. They play in theWest Divisionof theAmerican League.

The Dallas Mavericks joined the league as an expansion team in 1980. They won their firstNational Basketball Associationchampionship in 2011 led byDirk Nowitzki.^[216]They play in theSouthwest Divisionof theWestern Conference.

The Dallas Stars moved to North Texas in 1993 as a relocation from the former team, theMinnesota North Stars. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, twoPresidents' Trophiesas the top regular season team in the NHL, theWestern Conferencechampionship three times, and in1998–99, theStanley Cup. The team plays in theCentral Divisionof theWestern Conference.

FC Dallasplay atToyota Stadium(formerly FC Dallas Stadium and Pizza Hut Park), a stadium that opened in 2005.^[217]They currently play in MLS'sWestern Conference. The team was originally called the Dallas Burn and used to play in theCotton Bowl. Although FC Dallas has not yet won a MLS Cup, they won theLamar Hunt U.S. Open Cupin 1997 and 2016 and theSupporters' Shieldin 2016. Previously, theDallas Tornadoplayed in theNorth American Soccer Leaguefrom 1968 to 1981.

The Dallas Wings came toThe Metroplexin 2016 after relocating fromTulsa.

There are many notable minor league teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth. TheAllen Americansare a professional ice hockey team headquartered at theCredit Union of Texas Event CenterinAllen, Texas, which currently plays in theECHL. They are the minor league affiliate of theNHL'sSeattle Kraken. The team was founded in 2009 in theCentral Hockey League(CHL). They have won 4 straight championships, 2 in the CHL (2012–13,2013–14) and 2 in the ECHL(2014–15,2015–16).

TheDallas Renegadesare a professional football team in the relaunchedXFLthat plays their home games atGlobe Life Park, the former home of the Texas Rangers.^[218]

TheDallas Sidekicks (2012)are an American professionalindoor soccerteam based inAllen, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. They play their home games in theCredit Union of Texas Event Center. The team is named after the originalDallas Sidekicksthat operated from 1984 to 2004. The MLS-affiliatedNorth Texas SCteam is a member ofMLS Next Proand plays in Frisco at Toyota Stadium; it is the reserve team of FC Dallas. The Dallas Mavericks own anNBA G Leagueteam, theTexas Legends.

Rugbyis a developing sport in Dallas and Texas in general. The multiple clubs, ranging from men's and women's clubs tocollegiateand high school, are part of theTexas Rugby Football Union.^[219]Dallas was one of only 16 cities in the United States included in theRugby Super League,^[220]represented byDallas Harlequins.^[221]In 2020,Major League Rugbyannounced theDallas Jackalsas a new franchise.^[222]Australian rules footballis also growing in Dallas. TheDallas Magpies, founded in 1998, compete in theUnited States Australian Football League.

The onlyDivision Isports program within the Dallas political boundary is theDallas Baptist UniversityPatriots baseball team.^[223][224]Although outside the city limits, theMustangsofSouthern Methodist Universityare in the enclave ofUniversity Park. Neighboring citiesFort Worth, Arlington, andDentonare home to theTexas Christian UniversityHorned Frogs,UT ArlingtonMavericks, andUniversity of North TexasMean Greenrespectively. The Dallas area hosted the Final Four of the2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournamentat AT&T Stadium. The collegeCotton Bowl Classicfootball game was played at theCotton Bowlthrough its2009 game, but has moved to AT&T Stadium.

TheRed River Showdownis an Americancollege footballrivalrygame played annually at theCotton Bowl Stadiumduring the second weekend of theState Fair of Texasin October. The game is played by theOklahoma Sooners footballteam of theUniversity of Oklahomaand theTexas Longhorns footballteam of theUniversity of Texas at Austin. The 10,000-capacity Forester Stadium, which is used mainly for football and soccer, is also located in Dallas.^[225][226]

Dallas maintains and operates 406 parks on 21,000 acres (85 km²) of parkland.^[227][228]The city's parks contain 17 separate lakes, includingWhite RockandBachmanlakes, spanning a total of 4,400 acres (17.81 km²). In addition, Dallas is traversed by 61.6 miles (99.1 km) of biking and jogging trails, including theKaty Trail, and is home to 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, 276 sports fields, 60 swimming pools, 232 playgrounds, 173 basketball courts, 112 volleyball courts, 126 play slabs, 258 neighborhood tennis courts, 258 picnic areas, six 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges, and 477 athletic fields as of 2013.^[229]

Dallas's flagship park isFair Park. Built in 1936 for theTexas Centennial Expositionworld's fair, Fair Park is the world's largest collection ofArt Decoexhibit buildings, art, and sculptures; Fair Park is also home to theState Fair of Texas, the largest state fair in the United States. In November 2019, consultants presented to the public a master plan to revitalize the area.^[230]

Named after Klyde Warren, the young son of billionaireKelcy Warren,Klyde Warren Parkwas built aboveWoodall Rodgers Freewayand connectsUptownand Downtown, specifically the Arts District. Klyde Warren Park is home to anamphitheater, jogging trails, a children's park, a dog park, a putting green,croquet, ping pong, chess, an outdoor library, and two restaurants. Food trucks give another option of dining and are lined along the park's Downtown side. There are also weekly planned events, includingyoga,Zumba, skyline tours,tai chi, andmeditation.^[231]Klyde Warren Park is home to a free trolley stop on Olive St., which riders can connect to Downtown, McKinney Avenue, andWest Village.

Built in 1913, Turtle Creek Parkway park is a 23.7-acre (9.6 ha) linear park in between Turtle Creek and Turtle Creek Boulevard in the aptly namedTurtle Creekneighborhood.^[232]Archaeological surveys discovered dart points and flint chips dating 3,000 years to 1,000 BCE. This site was later discovered to be home to Native Americans who cherished the trees and natural spring water. The park is across Turtle Creek fromKalita Humphreys Theater, designed byFrank Lloyd Wright.

Opened on July 4, 1906, Lake Cliff Park was called "the Southwest's Greatest Playground". The park was home to an amusement park, a large pool, waterslides, the world's largest skating rink, and three theaters, the largest being the 2,500-seat Casino Theater. After the streetcar bridge that brought most of the park visitors collapsed, Lake Cliff Park was sold. The Casino Theater moved and the pool was demolished after a polio scare in 1959. The pool was Dallas's first municipal pool.^[233]

In 1935, Dallas purchased 36 acres (15 ha) from John Cole's estate to developReverchon Park.^[234]Reverchon Park was named after botanist Julien Reverchon, who left France to live in the La Reunion colony, which was founded in the mid-1800s^[235]and was situated in present-day West Dallas. Reverchon Park was planned to be the crown jewel of the Dallas park system and was even referred to as the "Central Park" of Dallas. Improvements were made throughout the years, including the Iris Bowl, picnic settings, a baseball diamond, and tennis courts. The Iris Bowl celebrated many Greek pageants, dances, and other performances. The Gill Well was installed for nearby residents and drew people all across Texas who wanted to experience the water's healing powers.^[236]The baseball diamond was host to a 1953 exhibition game for theNew York Giantsand theCleveland Indians.^[237]

As part of the ongoingTrinity River Project, the Great Trinity Forest, at 6,000 acres (24 km²), is the largest urban hardwood forest in the United States and is part of the largest urban park in the United States.^[57]The Trinity River Audubon Center is a new addition to the park. Opened in 2008, it serves as a gateway to many trails and other nature-viewing activities in the area. The Trinity River Audubon Center is the first LEED-certified building built by the City of Dallas Parks and Recreation Department.

Named after its former railroad name, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (or "MKT" Railroad), the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) stretch of railroad was purchased by the city of Dallas and transformed into the city's premier trail. Stretching fromVictory Park, the 30-acre (12 ha)Katy Trailpasses through theTurtle Creekand Knox Park neighborhoods and runs along the east side ofHighland Park. The trail ends atCentral Expressway, but extensions are underway to extend the trail to the White Rock Lake Trail inLakewood.^[233]

Dallas hosts three of the twenty-one preserves of the extensive 3,200 acres (13 km²) Dallas County Preserve System. The Joppa Preserve, the McCommas Bluff Preserve, and the Cedar Ridge Preserve are within the Dallas city limits. The Cedar Ridge Preserve was known as the Dallas Nature Center, but the Audubon Dallas group now manages the 633-acre (2.56 km²) natural habitat park on behalf of the city of Dallas and Dallas County. The preserve sits at an elevation of 755 feet (230 m) above sea level and offers a variety of outdoor activities, including 10 miles (16 km) of hiking trails and picnic areas.

The city is also home to Texas's first and largest zoo, the 106-acre (0.43 km²)Dallas Zoo, which opened at its current location in 1888.^[238][239]

The city uses acouncil-manager government, withEric Johnsonserving as mayor,^[240]T.C. Broadnax serving as city manager,^[241]and 14 council members serving as representatives to the 14 council districts in the city.^{[242][243][244]}This organizational structure was contested by some in favor of a strong-mayor city charter,^[245]only to be rejected by Dallas voters.^[246]In 1969, Anita N. Martínez become the first Latin American to sit as a councilwoman in Dallas's city council.^[247]

In the 2017–2018 fiscal year, the city's totalbudget(the sum ofoperatingand capital budgets) was $3.3 billion.^[248]The city has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth: the budget was $1.7 billion in 2002–2003,^[249]$1.9 billion in 2003–2004,^[249]$2.0 billion in 2004–2005,^[250]and $2.2 billion in 2005–2006.^[250]

National and state legislators representing Dallas:

Federal[251]
House of Representatives			Senate
Name	Party	District	Name	Party
Keith Self	Republican	District 3	John Cornyn	Republican
Lance Gooden	Republican	District 5	Ted Cruz	Republican
Beth Van Duyne	Republican	District 24
Michael C. Burgess	Republican	District 26
Jasmine Crockett	Democratic	District 30
Colin Allred	Democratic	District 32
Marc Veasey	Democratic	District 33
State[251]
House of Representatives			Senate
Name	Party	District	Name	Party	District
Vacant	Democratic	District 100	Bob Hall[1]	Republican	District 2
Ana-Maria Ramos	Democratic	District 102	Angela Paxton[2]	Republican	District 8
Rafael Anchia	Democratic	District 103	Kelly Hancock[3]	Republican	District 9
Jessica González	Democratic	District 104	Nathan M. Johnson[4]	Democratic	District 16
Terry Meza	Democratic	District 105	Royce West[5]	Democratic	District 23
Victoria Neave	Democratic	District 107
Morgan Meyer	Republican	District 108
Carl Sherman	Democratic	District 109
Toni Rose	Democratic	District 110
Yvonne Davis	Democratic	District 111
Angie Chen Button	Republican	District 112
Rhetta Bowers	Democratic	District 113
John Turner	Democratic	District 114
Julie Johnson	Democratic	District 115

TheUnited States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, which exercises original jurisdiction over 100 counties in North and West Texas, convenes in theEarle Cabell Federal Building and Courthousein theGovernment DistrictofDowntown. The same building additionally housesUnited States Bankruptcyand Magistrate Courts and aUnited States Attorneyoffice. Dallas also is the seat of the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas.

Since 2023, Dallas has been the largest city in the United States with aRepublicanmayor after Eric Johnson switched parties afterwinning re-election. He ran and was elected as a Democrat.^[g]However, the city is normally aDemocraticstronghold, with over 69% of voters supportingJoe Bidenin the2020 presidential electionand 67% of voters supportingHillary Clintonin the2016 presidential election(excluding write-ins).^[252]Democraticvoters dominate the majority of the city, especially thecentralurban coreandsouthernsectors, withRepublicansspreading a sliver of suburban neighborhoods inNorth Dallas. In the2004 U.S. presidential election, 57% of Dallas voters voted forJohn KerryoverGeorge W. Bush.^[253]Dallas County was closely divided, with 50% of voters voting for Bush and 49% voting for Kerry.^[254]Results in the 2008 and 2012 elections favoredBarack Obama, with the 44th President receiving 57% of Dallas County voters in both years, with greater margins in the city of Dallas. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, approximately 66% of Dallas voters voted forHillary Clinton, with 28% of city voters voting forDonald Trump.^[252]Dallas County as a whole saw 61% of voters voting for Clinton, with 35% support for Trump.^[252]In 2004,Lupe Valdezwas elected Dallas CountySheriff. An open lesbian, Valdez was the only female sheriff in the state of Texas until her resignation. Despite controversies in her handling of county jails, she won re-election in 2008 with a 10-point victory over Republican challenger Lowell Cannaday.^[255]

Dallas city vote
by party in Presidential elections ^{[256] [257] [258]}

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third Parties
2020	69.3%315,166	28.4%129,086	2.2%10,351
2016	67.2%247,424	28.7%105,814	4.1%15,169

Dallas city vote
by party in Senate elections ^{[256] [257] [258]}

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third Parties
2020	65.4%293,817	32.0%143,861	2.6%11,506
2018	71.2%255,236	28.1%100,633	0.7%2,636
2014	57.9%107,549	42.1%78,094	0.0%0

There are 337 public schools, 89 private schools, 38 colleges, and 32 libraries in Dallas.^[259]Dallas–Fort Worth is also home to six Nobel Laureates.^[260]

The Dallas area has a high number of colleges and universities. In addition to those in the city, the surrounding cities also have a number of universities, colleges, trade schools, and other educational institutions. The following describes the universities and their proximity to the city:

TheTexas Legislaturedefines all areas in Dallas County and in theCarrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School Districtas being in the service area ofDallas College(formerly Dallas County Community College District or DCCCD). Areas in Collin County are assigned toCollin College.^[261]

• UT Southwestern Medical Center("UTSW") is a prominent academic medical center north of downtown Dallas in theSouthwestern Medical District. Six Nobel laureates have been among its faculty,^[262]and UTSW was ranked #1 in the world among healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences byNaturein 2019.^[263]The main teaching hospital of the university. UTSW is part of theUniversity of Texas System.
• Texas Woman's Universityhas operated a nursing school in Dallas atParkland Memorial Hospitalsince 1966. The T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center (IHSD) was opened in 2011 and is a purpose-built educational facility that replaced the building TWU had used since 1966. TWU also operated an occupational therapy school atPresbyterian Hospital of Dallasfrom 1977 through 2011 before consolidating those functions into the new IHSD building at Parkland.^[264]
• Paul Quinn Collegeis a private, historicallyblackcollege in southeast Dallas. Originally located inWaco, Texas, it moved to Dallas in 1990 and is housed on the campus of the formerBishop College, another private, historically black college. Dallas billionaire and entrepreneurComer Cottrell Jr., founder of ProLine Corporation, bought the campus of Bishop College and bequeathed it to Paul Quinn College in 1990 making it the only historically black college in the Dallas area.^[265]
• TheUniversity of North Texas at Dallasis along Houston School Road.^[266]In 2009 UNT at Dallas became the first public university within Dallas city limits.^[267]TheUniversity of North Texas Systemrequested approval from the Texas Legislature and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the state's first new public law school in more than 40 years. TheUniversity of North Texas at Dallas College of Lawwas planned to be based at the Old Municipal Building in Downtown Dallas.^[268]
• Dallas Baptist Universityis a private university in the Mountain Creek area of southwest Dallas. Originally inDecatur, Texas, the school moved to Dallas in 1965.^[269]The school enrolls over 5,600 students,^[270]and offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Popular subjects include Biblical studies, business, and music degrees. DBU has been recognized by the National Council on Teacher Quality for their high-quality teacher preparatory degrees.^[271]The school also maintains an Intensive English Program for international students wishing to enhance their knowledge of the English language. The campus is aTree Campus USAand is recognized as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the Southwest U.S.^[272]The school has also become nationally recognized for its baseball team which has made several playoff runs.
• Dallas Theological Seminary, also within the city limits, is recognized as one of the leading seminaries inEvangelical Protestantism. Situated 3 miles (5 km) east of Downtown Dallas, it has over 2,000 graduate students and has graduated over 12,000 alumni.
• Criswell Collegeis within two blocks of Dallas Theological Seminary. Criswell was started by First Baptist Church of Dallas in the early 1970s.
• Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College District), the 2-year educational institution of Dallas County, has seven campuses throughout the area with branches in Dallas as well as the surrounding suburbs.

• Southern Methodist Universityis aprivate,coeducationaluniversity inUniversity Park, an independent city that, together with the adjacent town of Highland Park, Dallas surrounds entirely. SMU was founded in 1911 by theSouthern Methodist Church, and is now run byR. Gerald Turner.
• The University of Texas at Dallasis a part of theUniversity of Texas System. It is in the city ofRichardson, about 15 miles (24 km) north ofDowntown Dallas. It is in the heart of theTelecom Corridor. UT Dallas is anR1 or Tier-1 University, classified by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education as a doctoral-granting university with the highest research activity. The university has many collaborative research relationships withUT Southwestern Medical Center.
• The University of Dallas, in the suburb ofIrving, is an enclave of Roman Catholicism in the majority Protestant religious landscape of Dallas–Fort Worth. St. Albert the Great Dominican Priory andHoly Trinity Seminaryare on campus, while theCistercianMonastery and Cistercian Preparatory School are just north of the UD campus acrossTexas State Highway 114.The Highlands School, a PK–12Legionaryschool, is just west of the UD campus and connects to campus by jogging trails. As a center for religious study, the Cistercian Monastery continues to be notable for scholastic developments in theology.
• Located in Downtown Dallas,El Centro Collegeis the flagship institution of theDallas County Community College District. El Centro first opened its campus doors in 1966 and now enrolls over 10,000 students. El Centro was the first college of the DCCCD to offer a nursing program and has established relationships with several top-notch hospitals in the Dallas area. The college is also the only campus within DCCCD that offers a Food & Hospitality Program as well as renowned programs in fashion design and fashion marketing.^[273]

• Texas A&M-Dallas Research and Extension Center^[274]

Most people in the city of Dallas are within theDallas Independent School District, the 12th-largest school district in the United States and second largest in Texas.^[275]The school district operates independently of the city and enrolls over 161,000 students.^[275]As of 2003 DISD has the majority of K–12 students in the city of Dallas, and a proportionately larger number of students who are notnon-Hispanic white.^[276]One of the district'smagnet schools, theSchool for the Talented and Giftedin Oak Cliff.

A few areas of Dallas also extend into other school districts, includingCarrollton-Farmers Branch,Coppell,Duncanville,Garland,^[277]Highland Park,Mesquite,Plano, andRichardson. The Plano and Richardson school districts have the largest numbers of public school students in Dallas who are not in Dallas ISD.^[276]TheWilmer-Hutchins Independent School Districtonce served portions of southern Dallas, but it was shut down for the 2005–2006 year. WHISD students started attending other Dallas ISD schools during that time. Following the close, theTexas Education Agencyconsolidated WHISD into Dallas ISD.

Many school districts inDallas County, including Dallas ISD, were formerly served by a governmental agency calledDallas County Schools. The system provided busing and other transportation services, access to a massive media library, technology services, strong ties to local organizations for education/community integration, and staff development programs.^[278]

Students from Dallas attend many private schools in Dallas, and in nearby areas. These schools include:

Dallas has several local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations that serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fifth-largestmedia marketin the United States.^[279]Dallas has one major daily newspaper,The Dallas Morning News, which was founded in 1885 byA. H. Beloand is A. H. Belo's flagship newspaper.

TheDallas Times Herald, started in 1888, was theMorning News'major competitor until Belo purchased it on December 8, 1991, and closed the paper down the next day. Other daily newspapers areAl Día, a Spanish-language paper published by Belo, and a number of ethnic newspapers printed in languages such asChinese,Korean, andVietnamese.

Other publications include theDallas Weeklyand theElite News, all weekly news publications. TheDallas Observerand theNorth Texas Journalare also alternative weekly newspapers.The Dallas Morning Newsformerly had a weekly publication,Neighborsgo, which came out every Friday and focused on community news. Readers could post stories and contribute content to the website.

D Magazineis a notable monthly magazine about business, life, and entertainment in Dallas–Fort Worth. Local visitor magazines include "WHERE Magazine" and "Travelhost"–available at hotel desks or in guest rooms. In addition, the park cities and suburbs such as Plano also have their own community newspapers. Also,THE Magazinecovers the contemporary arts scene.^[280]

In terms of the larger metro area, theFort Worth Star-Telegramis another major daily newspaper, coveringFort Worth's metropolitan division. It also publishes a major Spanish-language newspaper for the entire metro area known asLa Estrella.^[281]To the north of Dallas and Fort Worth, theDenton Record-Chronicleprimarily covers news for thecity of DentonandDenton County.

Area television stations affiliated with the major broadcasting networks (networkO&O'shighlighted inbold) includeKDFW 4(Fox),KXAS 5(NBC),WFAA 8(ABC) (which for many years was owned byBeloalongside theMorning News),KTVT 11(CBS),KERA 13(PBS),KUVN 23(UNI),KDFI 27(MNTV),KDAF 33(The CW), andKXTX 39(TMD).KTXA 21is anindependent stationformerly affiliated with the now-defunctUPNnetwork.

Over 101 radio stations operate within range of Dallas.^[282]The city of Dallas operatesWRR101.1 FM, the area's main classical music station, from city offices inFair Park.^[283]Its original sister station, licensed asWRR-AMin 1921, is the oldest commercially operated radio station in Texas and the second-oldest in the United States, afterKDKA (AM)in Pittsburgh.^[284]KKDA, anurban contemporarystation, andKRNB, anurban adult contemporarystation, are owned independently by Service Broadcasting Corporation.

Because of the city's central geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-powerclass Amedium-wavestationsKRLDandWBAPcan broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States.

Slavic Voice of Americamedia group serves Russian-speaking Americans out of Dallas. Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business, is based in Dallas.^[285]In 2003, HBC was acquired by Univision and became Univision Radio Inc., but the radio company remains headquartered in the city.^[286]

TheDallas Police Departmentprovides most policing in Dallas. The Dallas chief of police is Eddie Garcia.^[287]The police headquarters are in the Cedars neighborhood of southern Dallas.

Emergency medical servicesand fire protection in the city are provided by theDallas Fire-Rescue Department. The Dallas Fire & Rescue chief is Dominique Artis.^[288]The department operates the Dallas Firefighter's Museum built in 1907 along Parry Avenue near Fair Park. Dallas's oldest remaining fire station building still stands at the corner of McKinney Ave. and Leonard and was built in 1892. It was the home of Engine Co. Number 1, and is now a picture framing shop.

Dallas has many hospitals and several medical research facilities within its city limits. One major research center is the Dallas Medical District with theUT Southwestern Medical Centerin theStemmons Corridor, along with the affiliatedUT Southwestern Medical School. The health care complex includes within its boundsParkland Memorial Hospital,Children's Medical Center,William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital(formerly St. Paul University Hospital), and theWilliam P. Clements Jr. University Hospital.

Dallas also has aVAhospital in the southern portion of the city, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The center is home to aConsolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy(CMOP), part of an initiative by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide mail-order prescriptions to veterans using computerization at strategic locations throughout the United States.

Other hospitals in the city includeBaylor University Medical CenterinEast Dallas, Methodist Dallas Medical Center in Oak Cliff, Methodist Charlton Medical Center nearDuncanville,Medical City Dallas HospitalandPresbyterian HospitalinNorth Dallas, and the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Oak Lawn.

Dallas is served byDallas Water Utilities, which operates several waste treatment plants and pulls water from several area reservoirs.^[289]Several companies maintain the city's electric system, includingStream Energy, Cirro Energy andOncor Electric Delivery,^[290]whose parent company,Energy Future Holdings Corporation, has headquarters in the city.^[291]

The city offers garbage pickup and recycling service weekly through its Sanitation Services department.^[292]Telephone networks, broadband internet, and cable television service are available from several companies, includingAT&T,Spectrum, andVerizon FiOS.

Like many other major cities in the United States, the automobile is the primary mode of local transportation, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light rail lines, biking and walking paths, wide sidewalks, a trolley system, and buses.Walk Scoreranked Dallas the twenty-third most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States in 2011.^[293]

In 2009, 78.5% of Dallas (city) commuters drive to work alone. The 2009mode sharefor Dallas (city) commuters are 10.7% for carpooling, 3.9% for transit, 1.9% for walking, and .1% for cycling.^[294]In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Dallas (city) commuters of 75.4% for driving alone, 12.8% for carpooling, 3.5% for riding transit, 1.9% for walking, and .2% for cycling.^[295]

The city of Dallas has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 10.2 percent of Dallas households lacked a car, and decreased to 9.1 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Dallas averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.^[296]

Dallas is at the confluence of four majorinterstate highways—Interstates20,30,35E, and45. The Dallas area freeway system is set up in the popularhub-and-spokesystem, shaped much like a wagon wheel. Starting from the center of the city, a small freeway loop surrounds Downtown, followed by theI-635loop about 10 miles (16 km) outside Downtown, and ultimately the tolledPresident George Bush Turnpike.

Inside these freeway loops are otherboulevard- andparkway-style loops, includingLoop 12andBelt Line Road. Another beltway around the city upwards of 45 miles (72 km) from Downtown is under plan in Collin County.

Radiating out of Downtown Dallas' freeway loop are the spokes of the area's highway system—Interstates 30, 35E, and 45,US 75,US 77,US 175,SH Spur 366, theDallas North Tollway,SH 114,US 80, andUS 67. Other major highways around the city includeSH 183andSpur 408.

The recently completed interchange at the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (I-635) and theCentral Expressway(US 75) has five stacks and is aptly called theHigh Five Interchange. It is one of the few five-level interchanges in Dallas and is one of the largest freeway interchanges in the United States.

The following is a list of the freeways and tollways in the Dallas-Fort Worth area:

Two commercial airports serve Dallas:Dallas Fort Worth International AirportandDallas Love Field. In addition,Dallas Executive Airport(formerly Redbird Airport), serves as ageneral aviationairport for the city, andAddison Airportfunctions similarly just outside the city limits in the suburb of Addison. Two more general aviation airports are about 35 miles (56 km) north of Dallas inMcKinney, and another two are inFort Worth, on the west side of the metroplex.Alliance Airport, in far North Fort Worth, is a cargo reliever airport to DFW Airport and general aviation facility.

DFW Airport is in the suburbs slightly north of and equidistant to Downtown Fort Worth and Downtown Dallas. In terms of size, DFW International is the largest airport in the state, the second largest in the United States, and ninth largest in the world; DFW International Airport is larger than the island ofManhattan.^[298]

In terms of traffic, DFW Airport is thebusiest airport in the state,fourth-busiest in the United States, andeleventh-busiest in the world. The headquarters ofAmerican Airlines, the largest air carrier in the world ahead ofUnited AirlinesandDelta Air Lines, is less than one mile (1.6 km) from DFW Airport within Fort Worth's city limits. Similarly, Love Field is within Dallas's city limits, about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Downtown, and is headquarters toSouthwest Airlines, the largest domestic airline in the United States.

Dallas Area Rapid Transit(DART) is the Dallas-area public transportation authority that provides rail, buses andHOVlanes to commuters. DART began operating the firstlight railsystem in Texas in 1996, and it is now the largest operator of light rail in the US.^[299]Today, the system is theseventh-busiestlight rail system in the country with approximately 55 stations on 72 miles (116 km) of light rail, and 10 stations on 35 miles (56 km) of commuter rail.^[300]It includes four light rail lines and a commuter line: theRed Line, theBlue Line, theGreen Line, theOrange Line, and theTrinity Railway Express.

TheRed Linetravels throughOak Cliff,South Dallas,Downtown,Uptown,North Dallas,RichardsonandPlano, while theBlue Linegoes through Oak Cliff, Downtown, Uptown,East Dallas,Lake Highlands, andGarland. TheRedandBluelines are conjoined between8th & Corinth Stationin Oak Cliff throughMockingbird StationinNorth Dallas. The two lines serviceCityplace Station. The Green Line servesCarrollton,Farmers Branch,Love Field Airport,Stemmons Corridor,Victory Park, Downtown,Deep Ellum,Fair Park, South Dallas, andPleasant Grove.

The Orange Line initially operated as a peak-service line providing extra capacity on portions of the Green and Red Lines (Bachman Stationon the Green Line, through the Downtown transit mall, toParker Road Stationon the Red Line making a "U"-shape). However, the first stage of the Orange Line opened on December 6, 2010, extending its west end from Bachman toBelt Line Stationin Irving. The second and final phase opened in August 2014 and providedDFW Airportwith rail service.DFW Airport Terminal A stationis the terminus for the Orange Line and connectsSkylink.^[301]

This provides passengers the convenience of disembarking the DART rail, proceeding to security check-in and immediately boardingSkylinkto be quickly transported to their desired terminal. The Blue Line has also been extended by 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to serveRowlettat theRowlett Park & Ridefacility.^[302]

In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96 million in federal stimulus dollars for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The Oak Cliff Transit Authority took the lead with leaders envisioning a streetcar line that would linkUnion Stationand theDallas Convention Centerin Downtown to Oak Cliff, Methodist Medical Center, and theBishop Arts Districtvia the Houston Street Viaduct.^[303]

Dallas was awarded a $23 million TIGER grant towards the $58 million Dallas Streetcar Project in February 2010.^[304]

In addition to light rail,Amtrak'sTexas Eaglealso serves Union Station, providing daily service east toChicagoand west toSan Antonio, and thrice-weekly service west toLos Angeles. The Trinity Rail Express terminates at Union Station andT&P Station.

The city of Dallas has worked to build Sister & Friendship City relationships around the globe. These relationships help create and strengthen partnerships between Dallas and theinternational community. The program aims to build global cooperation at the municipal level by promoting cultural understanding and stimulatingeconomic developmentbetween Dallas and its foreign counterparts.^[305]

Dallas'ssister citiesare:^[306]

Dallas has friendly relations with:^[306]

• List of museums in North Texas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
• Texas Triangle
• USSDallas, 3 ships
• 2015 attack on Dallas police

• Official website
• Dallasfrom theHandbook of TexasOnline
• Dallas Public Library Search Results for Dallas County