Milwaukee

Milwaukee
City
Downtown Milwaukee Hilton Milwaukee City Center Milwaukee City Hall Milwaukee Riverwalk Milwaukee Art Museum American Family Field Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory
Flag Seal Logo
Nickname(s): Cream City, [1]Brew City, [2]Beer Capital of the World, [3]Miltown, [4]The Mil, MKE, The City of Festivals, [5]The German Athens of America, [6] The 414 [7]
Interactive map of Milwaukee
Milwaukee Show map of Wisconsin Milwaukee Show map of the United States
Coordinates:43°03′N87°57′W / 43.05°N 87.95°W /43.05; -87.95
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
Counties	Milwaukee,Washington,Waukesha
Incorporated	January 31, 1846; 178 years ago(1846-01-31)
Founded by	Solomon Juneau,Byron Kilbourn, andGeorge H. Walker
Named for	Potawatomifor "gathering place by the water"
Government
• Type	Strong mayor-council
• Body	Milwaukee Common Council
• Mayor	Cavalier Johnson(D)
Area [8]
•City	96.81 sq mi (250.75 km2)
• Land	96.18 sq mi (249.12 km2)
• Water	0.63 sq mi (1.63 km2)
Elevation	617 ft (188 m)
Population ( 2020) [10]
•City	577,222
• Estimate (2023) [11]	575,722[9]
• Rank	80thin North America 31stin the United States 1stin Wisconsin
• Density	6,000/sq mi (2,300/km2)
•Urban	1,306,795 (US: 38th)
• Urban density	2,818.3/sq mi (1,088.2/km2)
•Metro [12]	1,574,731 (US: 40th)
•CSA	2,049,805 (US: 33rd)
Demonym	Milwaukeean
GDP [13]
• MSA	$120.563 billion (2022)
Time zone	UTC−6(CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5(CDT)
ZIP Codes	53172, 532XX 53172, 53201–53216, 53218–53228, 53233–53234, 53237, 53259, 53263, 53267–53268, 53274, 53278, 53288, 53290, 53293, 53295
Area code	414
FIPS code	55-53000[14]
GNISfeature ID	1577901[15]
Website	city.milwaukee.gov

Milwaukee(/mɪlˈwɔːki/mil-WAW-kee) is themost populous cityin theU.S. stateofWisconsinand thecounty seatofMilwaukee County.^[16]With a population of 577,222 at the2020 census, Milwaukee is the31st-most populous cityin the United States and the fifth-most populous city in theMidwest.^[17][18][19]It is the central city of theMilwaukee metropolitan area, the40th-most populousmetro area in the U.S. with 1.57 million residents.^[20]

Milwaukee is anethnicallyandculturally diversecity.^[21]However, it continues to be one of the most racially segregated cities, largely as a result of early-20th-centuryredlining.^[22]Itshistorywas heavily influenced by German immigrants in the 19th century, and it continues to be a center forGerman-Americanculture,^[23]specifically becoming well known for itsbrewing industry. In recent years, Milwaukee has undergone several development projects, some of which have added to the city's skyline.^[24]In 2024Architectural Digest, a prominent design publication, rated Milwaukee’s skyline as the 15th most beautiful skyline in the world.^[25]Major additions to the city since the turn of the 21st century include theWisconsin Center,American Family Field,The Hop streetcar system, an expansion to theMilwaukee Art Museum,Milwaukee Repertory Theater, theBradley Symphony Center,^[26]andDiscovery World, as well as major renovations to theUW–Milwaukee Panther Arena.Fiserv Forumopened in late 2018, and hosts sporting events and concerts.

Milwaukee is categorized as a "Gamma minus" city by theGlobalization and World Cities Research Network,^[27]with a regionalGDPof over $102 billion in 2020.^[28]Since 1968, Milwaukee has been home toSummerfest, a large music festival.^[29]Milwaukee is home to theMedical College of Wisconsin,MIAD,UW-Milwaukee,Marquette University,MSOE, and several other colleges. The city is represented in two of the fourmajor professional sports leagues− theBucksof theNBAand theBrewersofMLB. Milwaukee is home to theFortune500companies ofNorthwestern Mutual,Fiserv,WEC Energy Group,Rockwell Automation, andHarley-Davidson.^[30]

The etymological origin of the nameMilwaukeeis disputed.^[31][32]Wisconsin academic Virgil J. Vogel has said, "the name [...] Milwaukee is not difficult to explain, yet there are a number of conflicting claims made concerning it.^[33]

One theory says it comes from theAnishinaabemowin/Ojibwewordmino-akking, meaning "good land",^[31][34]or words in closely related languages that mean the same. These included Menominee and Potawatomi.^[33]Another theory is that it stems from theMeskwakiorAlgonquianlanguages, whose term for "gathering place" ismahn-a-waukee.^[31][34]The city of Milwaukee itself claims that the name is derived frommahn-ah-wauk, a Potawatomi word for "council grounds".^[35]

Some sources have claimed that Milwaukee stems from anAlgonquianword meaning "the good land",^[36]popularized by a line byAlice Cooperin the 1992 comedy filmWayne's World.^[31]

The name of the future city was spelled in many ways prior to 1844.^[37]People living west of theMilwaukee Riverpreferred the modern-day spelling, while those east of the river often called itMilwaukie.^[31]Other spellings includedMelleokii(1679),Millioki(1679),Meleki(1684),Milwarik(1699),Milwacky(1761),Milwakie(1779),Millewackie(1817),Milwahkie(1820), andMilwalky(1821). TheMilwaukee SentinelusedMilwaukiein its headline until it switched toMilwaukeeon November 30, 1844.^[37]

Indigenous cultures lived along the waterways for thousands of years. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area were variousNative Americantribes: theMenominee,Fox,Mascouten,Sauk,Potawatomi, andOjibwe(all Algic/Algonquian peoples), and theHo-Chunk(Winnebago, a Siouan people). Many of these people had lived aroundGreen Bay^[38]before migrating to the Milwaukee area about the time of European contact.

In the second half of the 18th century, the Native Americans living near Milwaukee played a role in all the major European wars on the American continent. During theFrench and Indian War, a group of "Ojibwas and Pottawattamies from the far [Lake] Michigan" (i.e., the area from Milwaukee to Green Bay) joined the French-CanadianDaniel Liénard de Beaujeuat theBattle of the Monongahela.^[39]In theAmerican Revolutionary War, the Native Americans around Milwaukee were some of the few groups to ally with the rebel Continentals.^[40]

After theAmerican Revolutionary War, the Native Americans fought the United States in theNorthwest Indian Waras part of theCouncil of Three Fires. During theWar of 1812, they held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attackChicago^[41]in retaliation against American expansion. This resulted in theBattle of Fort Dearbornon August 15, 1812, the only known armed conflict in Chicago. This battle convinced the American government toremovethese groups of Native Americans from their indigenous land.^{[dubious–discuss]}After being attacked in theBlack Hawk Warin 1832, the Native Americans in Milwaukee signed the1833 Treaty of Chicagowith the United States. In exchange for ceding their lands in the area, they were to receive monetary payments and lands west of the Mississippi inIndian Territory.^[42]

Europeans arrived in the Milwaukee area before the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Alexis Laframboise, coming from Michilimackinac (now in Michigan), settled a trading post in 1785 and is considered the first resident of European descent in the Milwaukee region.^[43]

One story on the origin of Milwaukee's name says,

[O]ne day during the thirties of the last century [1800s] a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, and Milwaukee it has remained until this day.^[44]

The spelling "Milwaukie" lives on inMilwaukie,Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted.^[45]

Milwaukee has three "founding fathers":Solomon Juneau,Byron Kilbourn, andGeorge H. Walker. Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He founded a town called Juneau's Side, or Juneautown, that began attracting more settlers. In competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of theMilwaukee River. He ensured the roads running toward the river did not join with those on the east side. This accounts for the large number of angled bridges that still exist in Milwaukee today.^[46]Further, Kilbourn distributed maps of the area which only showed Kilbourntown, implying Juneautown did not exist or the river's east side was uninhabited and thus undesirable. The third prominent developer was George H. Walker. He claimed land to the south of the Milwaukee River, along with Juneautown, where he built a log house in 1834. This area grew and became known as Walker's Point.^[47]

The first large wave of settlement to the areas that would later become Milwaukee County and the City of Milwaukee began in 1835, following removal of the tribes in the Council of Three Fires. Early that year it became known that Juneau and Kilbourn intended to lay out competing town-sites. By the year's end both had purchased their lands from the government and made their first sales. There were perhaps 100 new settlers in this year, mostly from New England and other Eastern states. On September 17, 1835, the first election was held in Milwaukee; the number of votes cast was 39.^[48]

By 1840, the three towns had grown, along with their rivalries. There were intense battles between the towns, mainly Juneautown and Kilbourntown, which culminated with theMilwaukee Bridge Warof 1845. Following the Bridge War, on January 31, 1846, the towns were combined to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee, and elected Solomon Juneau as Milwaukee's first mayor.^[49]

Milwaukee began to grow as a city as high numbers of immigrants, mainlyGerman, made their way to Wisconsin during the 1840s and 1850s. Scholars classifyGerman immigration to the United Statesin three major waves, and Wisconsin received a significant number of immigrants from all three. The first wave from 1845 to 1855 consisted mainly of people fromSouthwestern Germany, the second wave from 1865 to 1873 concerned primarilyNorthwestern Germany, while the third wave from 1880 to 1893 came fromNortheastern Germany.^[50]In the 1840s, the number of people who left German-speaking lands was 385,434, in the 1850s it reached 976,072, and an all-time high of 1.4 million immigrated in the 1880s. In 1890, the 2.78 million first-generation German Americans represented the second-largest foreign-born group in the United States. Of all those who left the German lands between 1835 and 1910, 90 percent went to the United States, most of them traveling to the Mid-Atlantic states and the Midwest.^[50]

By 1900, 34 percent of Milwaukee's population was of German background.^[50]The largest number of German immigrants to Milwaukee came fromPrussia, followed byBavaria,Saxony,Hanover, andHesse-Darmstadt. Milwaukee gained its reputation as the most German of American cities not just from the large number of German immigrants it received, but for the sense of community which the immigrants established here.^[51]

Most German immigrants came to Wisconsin in search of inexpensive farmland.^[51]However, immigration began to change in character and size in the late 1840s and early 1850s, due to the1848 revolutionary movements in Europe.^[52]After 1848, hopes for a united Germany had failed, and revolutionary and radical Germans, known as the "Forty-Eighters", immigrated to the U.S. to avoid imprisonment and persecution by German authorities.^[53]

One of the most famous "liberal revolutionaries" of 1848 wasCarl Schurz. He later explained in 1854 why he came to Milwaukee,

"It is true, similar things [cultural events and societies] were done in other cities where the Forty-eighters [sic] had congregated. But so far as I know, nowhere did their influence so quickly impress itself upon the whole social atmosphere as in 'German Athens of America' as Milwaukee was called at the time."^[54]

Schurz was referring to the various clubs and societies Germans developed in Milwaukee. The pattern of German immigrants settling near each other encouraged the continuation of the German lifestyle and customs. This resulted inGerman languageorganizations that encompassed all aspects of life; for example, singing societies and gymnastics clubs. Germans also had a lasting influence on the American school system.Kindergartenwas created as a pre-school for children, and sports programs of all levels, as well as music and art, were incorporated as elements of the regular school curriculum. These ideas were first introduced by radical-democratic German groups, such as the Turner Societies, known today as theAmerican Turners. Specifically in Milwaukee, the AmericanTurnersestablished its ownNormal Collegefor teachers of physical education and theGerman-English Academy.^[55]

Milwaukee's German element is still strongly present today. The city celebrates its German culture by annually hosting a German Fest in July^[56]and anOktoberfestin October. Milwaukee boasts a number of German restaurants, as well as a traditional German beer hall. A German languageimmersion schoolis offered for children in gradesK–5.^[57]

Although the German presence in Milwaukee after the Civil War remained strong and their largest wave of immigrants had yet to land, other groups also made their way to the city. Foremost among these werePolishimmigrants. The Poles had many reasons for leaving their homeland, mainly poverty and political oppression. Because Milwaukee offered the Polish immigrants an abundance of low-paying entry-level jobs, it became one of the largestPolish settlements in the USA.^[58]

For many residents,Milwaukee's South Sideis synonymous with thePolish communitythat developed here. The group maintained a high profile here for decades, and it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that families began to disperse to the southern suburbs.^[59]

By 1850, there were seventy-five Poles inMilwaukee Countyand theUS Censusshows they had a variety of occupations: grocers, blacksmiths, tavernkeepers, coopers, butchers, broommakers, shoemakers, draymen, laborers, and farmers. Three distinct Polish communities evolved in Milwaukee, with the majority settling in the area south of Greenfield Avenue. Milwaukee County's Polish population of 30,000 in 1890 rose to 100,000 by 1915. Poles historically have had a strong national cultural and social identity, often maintained through theCatholic Church.^[60]A view of Milwaukee's South Side skyline is replete with the steeples of the many churches these immigrants built that are still vital centers of the community.^{[citation needed]}

St. Stanislaus Catholic Churchand the surroundingneighborhoodwas the center ofPolishlife in Milwaukee. As the Polish community surrounding St. Stanislaus continued to grow, Mitchell Street became known as the "Polish Grand Avenue". As Mitchell Street grew more dense, the Polish population started moving south to theLincoln Village neighborhood, home to theBasilica of St. JosaphatandKosciuszko Park. Other Polish communities started onthe East Side of Milwaukee.Jones Islandwas a majorcommercial fishingcenter settled mostly byKashubiansand other Poles from around theBaltic Sea.^[61]

Milwaukee has the fifth-largest Polish population in the U.S. at 45,467, ranking behindNew York City(211,203),Chicago(165,784),Los Angeles(60,316) andPhiladelphia(52,648).^[62]The city holdsPolish Fest, an annual celebration ofPolish cultureandcuisine.^[63]

In addition to the Germans and Poles, Milwaukee received a large influx of otherEuropeanimmigrants fromLithuania,Italy,Ireland,France,Russia,Bohemia, andSweden, who includedJews,Lutherans, andCatholics.Italian Americanstotal 16,992 in the city, but in Milwaukee County, they number at 38,286.^[62]The largest Italian-American festival in the area,Festa Italiana, is held in the city, whileIrishfestis the largest Irish-American festival in southeast Wisconsin.^[64]By 1910, Milwaukee shared the distinction withNew York Cityof having the largest percentage of foreign-born residents in the United States.^[65]In 1910, European descendants ("Whites") represented 99.7% of the city's total population of 373,857.^[66]Milwaukee has a strongGreek OrthodoxCommunity, many of whom attend theAnnunciation Greek Orthodox Churchon Milwaukee's northwest side, designed by Wisconsin-born architectFrank Lloyd Wright. Milwaukee has a sizableCroatianpopulation, with Croatian churches and their own historic and successful soccer clubThe Croatian Eaglesat the 30-acre Croatian Park in Franklin, Wisconsin.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee also has a largeSerbianpopulation, who have developed Serbian restaurants, aSerbian K–8 School, and Serbian churches, along with an American Serb Hall. The American Serb Hall in Milwaukee is known for its Friday fish fries and popular events. Many U.S. presidents have visited Milwaukee's Serb Hall in the past. The Bosnian population is growing in Milwaukee as well due to late-20th-century immigration after the war inBosnia-Herzegovina.^{[citation needed]}

During this time, a small community ofAfrican Americansmigrated from theSouthin theGreat Migration. They settled near each other, forming a community that came to be known asBronzeville. As industry boomed, more migrants came, and African-American influence grew in Milwaukee.^[67]

By 1925, around 9,000Mexicanslived in Milwaukee, but theGreat Depressionforced many of them to move back south. In the 1950s, the Hispanic community was beginning to emerge. They arrived for jobs, filling positions in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. During this time there were labor shortages due to the immigration laws that had reduced immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe. Additionally, strikes contributed to the labor shortages.^[68]

In the mid-20th century, African-Americans from Chicago moved to the North side of Milwaukee.^{[citation needed]}Milwaukee'sEast Sidehas attracted a population of Russians and other Eastern Europeans who began migrating in the 1990s, after the end of theCold War.^{[citation needed]}Many Hispanics of mostly Puerto Rican and Mexican heritage live on the south side of Milwaukee.^{[citation needed]}

During the first sixty years of the 20th century, Milwaukee was the major city in which theSocialist Party of Americaearned the highest votes. Milwaukee elected threemayorswho ran on the ticket of the Socialist Party:Emil Seidel(1910–1912),Daniel Hoan(1916–1940), andFrank Zeidler(1948–1960). Often referred to as "Sewer Socialists", the Milwaukee Socialists were characterized by their practical approach to government and labor.^[69]

In 1892,Whitefish Bay,South Milwaukee, andWauwatosawere incorporated. They were followed byCudahy(1895), North Milwaukee (1897) and East Milwaukee, later known asShorewood, in 1900. In the early 20th century,West Allis(1902), andWest Milwaukee(1906) were added, which completed the first generation of "inner-ring" suburbs.

In the 1920s,Chicagogangster activity came north to Milwaukee during theProhibition era.Al Capone, noted Chicago mobster, owned a home in the Milwaukee suburbBrookfield, wheremoonshinewas made. The house still stands on a street named after Capone.^[70]

In the 1930s the city was severely segregated via "redlining". In 1960, African-American residents made up 15 percent of the Milwaukee's population, yet the city was still among the most segregated of that time. As of 2019, at least three out of four black residents in Milwaukee would have to move in order to create "racially integrated" neighborhoods.^[22]

By 1960, Milwaukee had grown to become one of the largest cities in the United States. Its population peaked at 741,324. In 1960, the Census Bureau reported city's population as 91.1% white and 8.4% black.^[71]

By the late 1960s, Milwaukee's population had started to decline as people moved to suburbs, aided by ease of highways and offering the advantages of less crime, new housing, and lower taxation.^[72]Milwaukee had a population of 594,833 by 2010, while the population of the overall metropolitan area increased. Given its large immigrant population and historic neighborhoods, Milwaukee avoided the severe declines of some of its fellow "Rust Belt" cities.

Since the 1980s, the city has begun to make strides in improving its economy, neighborhoods, and image, resulting in the revitalization of neighborhoods such as theHistoric Third Ward,Lincoln Village, theEast Side, and more recently Walker's Point andBay View, along with attracting new businesses to its downtown area. These efforts have substantially slowed the population decline and have stabilized many parts of Milwaukee.

Milwaukee's European history is evident today. Largely through its efforts to preserve its history, Milwaukee was named one of the "Dozen Distinctive Destinations" by theNational Trust for Historic Preservationin 2006.^[73]

Historic Milwaukee walking tours provide a guided tour of Milwaukee's historic districts, including topics on Milwaukee's architectural heritage, its glass skywalk system, and theMilwaukee Riverwalk.

Milwaukee lies along the shores and bluffs ofLake Michiganat theconfluenceof three rivers: theMenomonee, theKinnickinnic, and theMilwaukee. Smaller rivers, such as theRoot Riverand Lincoln Creek, also flow through the city.

Milwaukee's terrain is sculpted by the glacier path and includes steep bluffs along Lake Michigan that begin about a mile (1.6 km) north of downtown. In addition, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Milwaukee is the Kettle Moraine and lake country that provides an industrial landscape combined with inland lakes.

According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 96.80 square miles (250.71 km²), of which, 96.12 square miles (248.95 km²) is land and 0.68 square miles (1.76 km²) is water.^[74]The city is overwhelmingly (99.89% of its area) inMilwaukee County, but there are two tiny unpopulated portions that extend into neighboring counties.^[75][A]

North–south streets are numbered, and east–west streets are named. However, north–south streets east of 1st Street are named, like east–west streets. The north–south numbering line is along the Menomonee River (east of Hawley Road) and Fairview Avenue/Golfview Parkway (west of Hawley Road), with the east–west numbering line defined along 1st Street (north of Oklahoma Avenue) and Chase/Howell Avenue (south of Oklahoma Avenue). This numbering system is also used to the north byMequoninOzaukee County, and by someWaukesha Countycommunities.

Milwaukee is crossed byInterstate 43andInterstate 94, which come togetherdowntownat theMarquette Interchange. TheInterstate 894bypass (which as of May 2015 also containsInterstate 41) runs through portions of the city's southwest side, andInterstate 794comes out of the Marquette interchange eastbound, bends south along the lakefront and crosses the harbor over theHoan Bridge, then ends near theBay Viewneighborhoodand becomes the "Lake Parkway" (WIS-794).

One of the distinctive traits of Milwaukee's residential areas are the neighborhoods full of so-calledPolish flats. These are two-familyhomeswith separate entrances, but with the units stacked one on top of another instead of side-by-side. This arrangement enables a family of limited means to purchase both a home and a modestly pricedrentalapartmentunit. SincePolish-Americanimmigrants to the area prized land ownership, this solution, which was prominent in their areas of settlement within the city, came to be associated with them.^[76]

The tallest building in the city is theU.S. Bank Center, completed in 1973.

Milwaukee's location in theGreat Lakes Regionoften has rapidly changing weather, producing ahumid continental climate(KöppenDfa), with cold, snowy winters, and hot, humid summers. The warmest month of the year is July, with a mean temperature of 73.3 °F (22.9 °C), while January is the coldest month, with a mean temperature of 24.0 °F (−4.4 °C).

Because of Milwaukee's proximity to Lake Michigan, a convection current forms around mid-afternoon in light wind, resulting in the so-called "lake breeze" – a smaller scale version of the more commonsea breeze. The lake breeze is most common between March and July. This onshore flow causes cooler temperatures to move inland usually 5 to 15 miles (8 to 24 km), with much warmer conditions persisting further inland. Because Milwaukee's official climate site,Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport, is only 3 miles (4.8 km) from the lake, seasonal temperature variations are less extreme than in many other locations of theMilwaukee metropolitan area.

As the sun sets, the convection current reverses and an offshore flow ensues causing a land breeze. After a land breeze develops, warmer temperatures flow east toward the lakeshore, sometimes causing high temperatures during the late evening. The lake breeze is not a daily occurrence and will not usually form if a southwest, west, or northwest wind generally exceeds 15 mph (24 km/h). The lake moderates cold air outbreaks along the lakeshore during winter months.

Aside from the lake's influence, overnight lows in downtown Milwaukee year-round are often much warmer than suburban locations because of theurban heat island effect. Onshore winds elevate daytimerelative humiditylevels in Milwaukee as compared to inland locations nearby.

Thunderstorms in the region can be dangerous and damaging, bringinghailand high winds. In rare instances, they can bring atornado. However, almost all summer rainfall in the city is brought by these storms. In spring and fall, longer events of prolonged, lighter rain bring most of theprecipitation. A moderate snow cover can be seen on or linger for many winter days, but even during meteorological winter, on average, over 40% of days see less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the ground.^[77]

Milwaukee tends to experience highs that are 90 °F (32 °C) or above on about nine days per year, and lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on six to seven nights.^[77]Extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) set on July 24, 1934, down to −26 °F (−32 °C) on both January 17, 1982, and February 4, 1996.^[78]The 1982 event, also known asCold Sunday, featured temperatures as low as −40 °F (−40 °C) in some of thesuburbsas little as 10 miles (16 km) to the north of Milwaukee.

Climate data for Milwaukee
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C)	37.5 (3.0)	36.0 (2.2)	36.2 (2.4)	38.2 (3.4)	40.8 (4.9)	53.3 (11.8)	67.9 (19.9)	71.9 (22.2)	66.9 (19.4)	54.9 (12.8)	46.9 (8.3)	40.1 (4.5)	49.2 (9.6)
Source: Weather Atlas[81]

According to the United States'Environmental Protection Agency, Milwaukee is threatened by ongoingclimate changewhich is warming the planet. These risks include worsened heat waves because many of its residents do not possessair conditioners, concerns about the water quality of Lake Michigan, and increased chances of flooding from intense rainstorms.^[82]In 2018, Milwaukee mayorTom Barrettannounced that the city would uphold its obligations under theParis Agreement, despite the United States' withdrawal, and set a goal moving a quarter of the city's electricity sources to renewable energy by 2025. These have included expansions in the city's solar power-generating capacity and awind turbine's installation near the Port of Milwaukee. Other actions being taken include local incentives for energy-saving upgrades to homes and businesses.^[83]

In the 1990s and 2000s, Lake Michigan experienced largealgae blooms, which can threaten aquatic life. Responding to this problem, in 2009 the city became an "Innovating City" in theGlobal CompactCities Program. The Milwaukee Water Council was also formed in 2009.^[84]Its objectives were to "better understand the processes related to freshwater systems dynamics" and to develop "a policy and management program aimed at balancing the protection and utilization of freshwater". The strategy used theCircles of Sustainabilitymethod. Instead of treating the water quality problem as a single environmental issue, the Water Council draws on the Circles method to analyze the interconnection among ecological, economic, political and cultural factors.^[85]This holistic water treatment helped Milwaukee win the US Water Alliance's 2012 US Water Prize.^[86]In 2009 the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee also established theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences, the first graduate school oflimnologyin the United States.

As of 2021^[update], there are more than 3,000 drinking fountains in the Milwaukee Public School District; 183 had lead levels above 15 parts per billion (ppb). 15 ppb is the federal action level in which effort needs to be taken to lower these lead levels.^[87]In the city, more than 10% of children test positive for dangerous lead levels in their blood as of 2019^[update].^[88]

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	1,700		—
1850	20,061		1,080.1%
1860	45,246		125.5%
1870	71,440		57.9%
1880	115,587		61.8%
1890	204,468		76.9%
1900	285,315		39.5%
1910	373,857		31.0%
1920	457,147		22.3%
1930	578,249		26.5%
1940	587,472		1.6%
1950	637,392		8.5%
1960	741,324		16.3%
1970	717,099		−3.3%
1980	636,212		−11.3%
1990	628,088		−1.3%
2000	596,974		−5.0%
2010	594,833		−0.4%
2020	577,222		−3.0%
2023 (est.)	575,722	[11]	−0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[89] 2010–2020[10]

Milwaukee is the31st most populouscity in theUnited States, and anchors the39th most populousMetropolitan Statistical Area in the United States. Its combined statistical area population makes it the29th most populousCombined Statistical Area of the United States. The city's population has dropped at every census count since 1970. In 2012, Milwaukee was listed as a gamma city by theGlobalization and World Cities Research Network.

As of thecensus of 2020,^[90]the population was 577,222. Thepopulation densitywas 6,001.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,317.1/km²). There were 257,723 housing units at an average density of 2,679.5 per square mile (1,034.6/km²). Ethnically, the population was 20.1%HispanicorLatinoof any race. When grouping both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 38.6%BlackorAfrican American, 36.1%White, 5.2%Asian, 0.9%Native American, 9.0% fromother races, and 10.1% from two or more races.

The 2020 census population of the city included 1,198 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 9,625 people in university student housing.^[91]

According to theAmerican Community Surveyestimates for 2016-2020, the median income for a household in the city was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $51,170. Male full-time workers had a median income of $42,859 versus $37,890 for female workers. Theper capita incomefor the city was $24,167. About 19.6% of families and 24.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 35.1% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.^[92]Of the population age 25 and over, 84.4% were high school graduates or higher and 24.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher.^[93]

Racial and ethnic composition as of the 2020 census ^[94]

Race or Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Race Alone		Total[D]
Black or African American(NH)	37.8%	37.8	40.1%	40.1
White(NH)	32.3%	32.3	35.4%	35.4
Hispanic or Latino[E]	—		20.1%	20.1
Asian(NH)	5.2%	5.2	5.8%	5.8
Native American(NH)	0.4%	0.4	1.4%	1.4
Pacific Islander(NH)	0.03%	0.03	0.10%	0.1
Other	0.5%	0.5	1.0%	1

According to the 2010 Census, 44.8% of the population was White (37.0%non-Hispanic white), 40.0% was Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.5% Asian, 3.4% from two or more races. 17.3% of Milwaukee's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race) (11.7% Mexican, 4.1% Puerto Rican).^[95]

Racial composition	2020	2010	2000	1990	1980
Black or African American	37.8%	39.2%	36.9%	30.2%	22.9%
White (Non-Hispanic)	32.3%	37.0%	45.5%	60.8%	71.4%
Hispanic or Latino	20.1%	17.3%	12.0%	6.3%	4.2%
Asian	5.2%	3.5%	2.9%	1.8%	0.7%
Mixed	3.6%	2.2%

According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, 38.3% of Milwaukee's residents reported havingAfrican Americanancestry and 20.8% reportedGermanancestry. Other significant population groups includePolish(8.8%),Irish(6.5%),Italian(3.6%),English(2.8%), andFrench(1.7%). According to the 2010 United States Census, the largest Hispanic backgrounds in Milwaukee as of 2010 were: Mexican (69,680), Puerto Rican (24,672), Other Hispanic or Latino (3,808), Central American (1,962), South American (1,299), Cuban (866) and Dominican (720).^[96]

TheMilwaukee metropolitan areawas cited as being the most segregated in the U.S. in aJet Magazinearticle in 2002.^[97]The source of this information was a segregation index developed in the mid-1950s and used since 1964. In 2003, a non-peer-reviewed study was conducted by hired researchers at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukeewhich claimed Milwaukee is not "hypersegregated" and instead ranks as the 43rd most integrated city in America.^[98]According to research by demographerWilliam H. Freyusing theindex of dissimilaritymethod and data from the2010 United States Census, Milwaukee has the highest level of black-white segregation of any of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.^[99]Through continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is trying to reduce racial tensions and the rate of segregation.^[100]With demographic changes in the wake ofwhite flight, segregation in metropolitan Milwaukee is primarily in the suburbs rather than the city as in the era ofFather Groppi.^[101][102]

In 2015, Milwaukee was rated as the "worst city for black Americans" based on disparities in employment and income levels.^[103]The city's black population experiences high levels ofincarcerationand a severeeducational achievement gap.^[104]

In 2013, Mark Pfeifer, the editor of theHmong Studies Journal, statedHmongin Milwaukee had recently been moving to the northwest side of Milwaukee; they historically lived in the north and south areas of Milwaukee.^[105]TheHmong American Peace Academy/International Peace Academy, a K–12 school system in Milwaukee centered on theHmong community, opened in 2004.^[105]

Polish people, Slavs, European Jews, people from the Mediterranean including Greeks, Italians, and Syrians immigrated to Milwaukee after 1880.^[106]

As of 2010, approximately 51.8% of residents in the Milwaukee area said they regularly attended religious services. 24.6% of the Milwaukee area population identified asCatholic, 10.8% asLutheran, 1.6% asMethodist, and 0.6% asJewish.^[107]The Milwaukee metro area contains the majority of the state's Jewish population,^[108]and has a longhistory of Jewish immigrationfrom German-speaking and Eastern European countries.^[109]

TheRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukeeand theEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukeeare headquartered in Milwaukee. TheSchool Sisters of the Third Order of St Francishave their mother house in Milwaukee, and several other religious orders have a significant presence in the area, including theJesuitsandFranciscans. Milwaukee, whereFather Josef Kentenichwas exiled for 14 years from 1952 to 1965, is also the center for theSchoenstatt Movementin the United States.St. Joan of Arc Chapel, the oldest church in Milwaukee, is on theMarquette Universitycampus.St. Josaphat Basilicawas the first church to be given the Basilica honor in Wisconsin and the third in the United States.Holy Hill National Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians, northwest of Milwaukee, inHubertus, Wisconsin, was also made a Basilica in 2006.

Milwaukee is home for severalLutheransynods, including theGreater Milwaukee Synodof theEvangelical Lutheran Church in America; theLutheran Church–Missouri Synod(LCMS), which operatesConcordia University WisconsininMequonandMilwaukee Lutheran High School, the nation's oldest Lutheran high school; and theWisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod(WELS), which was founded in 1850 in Milwaukee.

TheSt. Sava Serbian Orthodox Cathedralis a landmark of the Serbian community in Milwaukee, located by the American Serb hall, which the congregation also operated until putting it up for sale in January 2021 due to financial challenges caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic.^[110]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintshas a presence in the Milwaukee area. The Milwaukee area has two stakes, with fourteen wards and four branches among them. The closest temple is theChicago Illinois Temple. The area is part of theWisconsin Milwaukee Mission.^[111]

About 30.5% of households in 2000 had children under the age of 18 living with them. 32.2% of households weremarried couplesliving together, 21.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were single individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 people per household, with the average family size at 3.25 people per family.

In 2000, the Census estimated at least 1,408 same-sex households in Milwaukee, or about 0.6% of all households in the city.^[112]Gay-friendly communities have developed primarily inWalker's Point, but also in Bay View,Historic Third Ward,Washington Heights,Riverwest, and theEast Side. In 2001, Milwaukee was named the #1 city forlesbiansbyGirlfriendsmagazine.^[113]

The city's population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,216, and the median income for a family was $37,879. Males had a median income of $32,244 versus $26,013 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $16,181. 21.3% of the population and 17.4% of families were below thepoverty line. In 2010, rent increased an averaged 3% for home renters in Milwaukee.^[114]Out of the total population, 31.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Milwaukee was situated as a port city and a center for collecting and distributing produce. Some of the newimmigrantswho were settling into the new state of Wisconsin during the middle of the 19th century were wheat farmers. By 1860, Wisconsin was one of the major producers of wheat.Rail transportwas needed to transport this grain from the wheat fields of Wisconsin to Milwaukee's harbor. Improvements in railways at the time made this possible.^[115]

There was intense competition for markets withChicago, situated across the state line inIllinois, and, to a lesser degree, withRacineandKenoshain Wisconsin. Eventually Chicago won out due to its superior financial markets and transportation position, including theChicago Portageand being the hub of the railroad lines in the United States. Milwaukee did solidify its place as the commercial capital of Wisconsin and an important market in the Midwest.^[116]

Because of its easy access to Lake Michigan and other waterways, Milwaukee'sMenomonee Valleyhas historically been home tomanufacturing,stockyards,rendering plants,shipping, and otherheavy industry.^[117]Manufacturing was concentrated on the north side, with a peak of over 50 manufacturers in that industrialized area.^[118]

Reshaping of the valley began with therailroadsbuilt by city co-founderByron Kilbournto bring product from Wisconsin's farm interior to the port. By 1862 Milwaukee was the largest shipper ofwheaton the planet, and related industry developed.Grain elevatorswere built and, due to Milwaukee's dominantGerman immigrant population,breweriessprang up around the processing ofbarleyandhops. A number oftannerieswere constructed, of which thePfister & Vogeltannery grew to become the largest in America.

In 1843 George Burnham and his brother Jonathan opened abrickyardnear 16th Street. When a durable and distinct cream-colored brick came out of the clay beds, other brickyards sprang up to take advantage of this resource. Because many of the city's buildings were built using this material it earned the nickname "Cream City", and consequently the brick was calledCream City brick. By 1881 the Burnham brickyard, which employed 200 men and peaked at 15 million bricks a year, was the largest in the world.

Flour mills, packing plants, breweries, railways and tanneries further industrialized the valley. With themarshlandsdrained and theKinnickinnicandMilwaukee Riversdredged, attention turned to the valley.

Along with the processing industries, bulk commodity storage, machining, and manufacturing entered the scene. The valley was home to theMilwaukee Road,Falk Corporation,Cutler-Hammer,Harnischfeger Corporation,Chain Belt Company,Nordberg Manufacturing Companyand other industry giants.

Early in the 20th century, Milwaukee was home to several pioneerbrass eraautomobilemakers, including Ogren (1919–1922).^[119]

Milwaukee became synonymous withGermansandbeerbeginning in the 1840s. The Germans had long enjoyed beer and set up breweries when they arrived in Milwaukee. By 1856, there were more than two dozen breweries in Milwaukee, most of them owned and operated by Germans. Besides making beer for the rest of the nation, Milwaukeeans enjoyed consuming the various beers produced in the city's breweries. As early as 1843, pioneer historianJames Buckrecorded 138 taverns in Milwaukee, an average of one per forty residents. Today,beer hallsand taverns are abundant in the city, but only one of the major breweries—Miller—remains in Milwaukee.^[116]

Milwaukee was once the home to four of the world's largest beer breweries (Schlitz,Blatz,Pabst, and Miller), and was the number one beer producing city in the world for many years. As late as 1981, Milwaukee had the greatest brewing capacity in the world.^[120]Despite the decline in its position as the world's leading beer producer after the loss of two of those breweries, Miller Brewing Company remains a key employer by employing over 2,200 of the city's workers.^[121]Because of Miller's position as the second-largest beer-maker in the U.S., the city remains known as a beer town. The city and surrounding areas are seeing a resurgence in microbreweries, nanobreweries and brewpubs with the craft beer movement.^[122]

The historic Milwaukee Brewery in "Miller Valley" at 4000 West State Street, is the oldest functioning major brewery in the United States. In 2008,Coorsbeer also began to be brewed in Miller Valley. This created additional brewery jobs in Milwaukee, but the company's world headquarters moved from Milwaukee to Chicago.

In addition to Miller and the heavily automatedLeinenkugel'sbrewery in the old Blatz 10th Street plant, other stand-alone breweries in Milwaukee includeMilwaukee Brewing Company, a microbrewery inWalker's Point neighborhood;Lakefront Brewery, amicrobreweryin Brewers Hill; andSprecher Brewery, a German brewery that also brews craft sodas. Since 2015, nearly two dozen craft brewing companies have been established in the city.^[123][124]

Three beer brewers with Wisconsin operations made the 2009 list of the 50 largest beermakers in the United States, based on beer sales volume. Making the latest big-breweries list from Wisconsin isMillerCoorsat No. 2. MillerCoors is a joint venture formed in 2008 by Milwaukee-based Miller Brewing Co. and Golden, Colorado-basedMolson Coors Brewing Company. TheMinhas Craft BreweryinMonroe, Wisconsin, which brews Huber, Rhinelander and Mountain Crest brands, ranked No. 14 andNew Glarus Brewing Company,New Glarus, Wisconsin, whose brands include Spotted Cow, Fat Squirrel and Uff-da, ranked No. 32.^[125]

Milwaukee is the home to the international headquarters of sevenFortune 500companies:Johnson Controls,Northwestern Mutual,Fiserv,Manpower,Rockwell Automation,Harley-DavidsonandWEC Energy Group.^[126]Other companies based in Milwaukee includeBriggs & Stratton,Brady Corporation,Baird (investment bank),Alliance Federated Energy,Sensient Technologies,Marshall & Ilsley(acquired byBMO Harris Bankin 2010),^[127]Hal Leonard,Direct Supply,Rite-Hite, theAmerican Society for Quality,A. O. Smith,Rexnord,Master Lock,Marcus Corporation,REV Group,American Signal Corporation,^[128]GE Healthcare, Diagnostic Imaging and Clinical Systems, andMGIC Investments. The Milwaukee metropolitan area ranks fifth in the United States in terms of the number ofFortune 500company headquarters as a share of the population. Milwaukee also has a large number of financial service firms, particularly those specializing in mutual funds and transaction processing systems, and a number of publishing and printing companies.

Service and managerial jobs are the fastest-growing segments of the Milwaukee economy, andhealth carealone makes up 27% of the jobs in the city.^[129]

Milwaukee is a popular location for sailing, boating, and kayaking on Lake Michigan, ethnic dining, and cultural festivals. Often referred to as the City of Festivals,^[5]Milwaukee has various cultural events which take place throughout the summer atHenry Maier Festival Park, on the lake. Museums and cultural events, such as Jazz in the Park, occur weekly in downtown parks. A 2011 study byWalk Scoreranked Milwaukee 15th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.^[130]In 2018, the city was voted "The Coolest City in the Midwest" by Vogue.^[131]

• TheMilwaukee Art Museumis perhaps Milwaukee's most visually prominent cultural attraction, especially its $100 million wing designed bySantiago Calatravain his first American commission.^[132]The museum includes abrise soleil, a moving sunscreen that unfolds similarly to the wing of a bird.
• TheGrohmann MuseumatMilwaukee School of Engineeringcontains the world's most comprehensive art collection dedicated to the evolution of human work.^[133]It houses theMan at Workcollection, which comprises more than 700 paintings and sculptures dating from 1580 to the present. The museum also features a rooftop sculpture garden.
• Haggerty Museum of Arton the Marquette University campus houses several classical masterpieces and is open to the public.
• TheVilla Terrace Decorative Arts Museumis the former home of Lloyd Smith, president of theA.O. Smithcorporation, and has a terraced garden, an assortment of Renaissance art, and rotating exhibits.^[134]
• Charles Allis Art Museum, in the Tudor-style mansion of Charles Allis, hosts several changing exhibits every year in the building's original antique furnished setting.

• TheMilwaukee Public Museumhas been Milwaukee's primarynatural historyandhuman historymuseum for 125 years, with over 150,000 square feet (14,000 m²) of permanent exhibits.^[135]Exhibits feature Africa, Europe, the Arctic, Oceania, and South and Middle America, the ancient Western civilizations ("Crossroads of Civilization"), dinosaurs, thetropical rainforest, streets of Old Milwaukee, a European Village, live insects and arthropods ("Bugs Alive!") a Samson Gorilla replica, the Puelicher Butterfly Wing, hands-on laboratories, and animatronics. The museum also contains anIMAXmovie theater/planetarium. Milwaukee Public Museum owns the world's largest dinosaur skull.^[136]
• Discovery World, Milwaukee's largest museum dedicated to science, is just south of theMilwaukee Art Museumalong the lake front. Visitors are drawn by its high-tech, hand-on exhibits, salt water and freshwater aquariums, as well as touch tanks and digital theaters. Adouble helix staircasewraps around the 40-foot (12 m) kinetic sculpture of a human genome. The S/V Dennis Sullivan Schooner Ship docked at Discovery World is the world's only re-creation of an 1880s-era three-masted vessel and the first schooner to be built in Milwaukee in over 100 years. It teaches visitors about the Great Lakes and Wisconsin's maritime history.
• Betty Brinn Children's Museum^[137]is geared toward children under ten years of age and is filled with hands-on exhibits and interactive programs, offering families a chance to learn together. Voted one of the top ten museums for children byParents Magazine, it exemplifies the philosophy that constructive play nurtures the mind.
• Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory(Mitchell Park Domes or, simply, the Domes) is a conservatory at Mitchell Park. It is owned and operated by the Milwaukee County Park System, and replaced the original Milwaukee Conservatory which stood from 1898 to 1955. The three domes display a large variety of plant and bird life. The conservatory includes the Tropical Dome, the Arid Dome and the Show Dome, which hosts four seasonal (cultural, literary, or historic) shows and one Christmas exhibit held annually in December for visitors to enjoy. The Domes are deteriorating rapidly "and the popular horticultural conservatory will close within a few years unless $30 million is found to do just basic repairs."^[138]

• Pabst MansionBuilt in 1892 by beer tycoon Frederick Pabst, this Flemish Renaissance Mansion was once considered the jewel of Milwaukee's famous avenue of mansions called the "Grand Avenue". Interior rooms have been restored with period furniture, to create an authentic replica of a Victorian Mansion. Nationally recognized as a house museum.
• Milwaukee County Historical Societyfeatures Milwaukee during the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Housed within an architectural landmark, the Milwaukee's Historical Society features apanoramic paintingof Milwaukee, firefighting equipment, period replicas of a pharmacy and a bank, and Children's world – an exhibit that includes vintage toys, clothes and school materials. The museum houses a research library, where scenes from the moviePublic Enemieswere shot.
• Wisconsin Black Historical Society,^[139]whose mission is to document and preserve the historical heritage of African descent in Wisconsin, exhibiting collecting and disseminating materials depicting this heritage.
• America's Black Holocaust Museum, founded bylynchingsurvivorJames Cameron, featured exhibits which chronicle the injustices suffered throughout history by African Americans in the United States. The museum first closed in July 2008 as a result of financial difficulties.^[140]The museum reopened in 2012 as avirtual museumwith the original building demolished. As of 2018 a new building housing the museum has opened.^[141][142]
• Jewish Museum Milwaukee,^[143]is dedicated to preserving and presenting the history of the Jewish people in southeastern Wisconsin and celebrating the continuum of Jewish heritage and culture.
• Mitchell Gallery of Flight, atMilwaukee Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee'saviationand historical enthusiasts experience the history of Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport with a visit to the Gallery of Flight. Exhibits include General Billy Mitchell; replicas of past and present aircraft including the Lawson Airline, the first commercial airliner; the Graf Zeppelin II, the sistership to the tragically legendary Hindenburg; a 1911 Curtis Pusher, an airplane with the propeller in the rear of the plane; and the present day giant of the sky, the 747. Other exhibits include commercial air memorabilia, early aviation engines and airport beacons.
• Harley-Davidson Museum, opened in 2008, pays tribute toHarley-Davidsonmotorcycles

Performing arts groups and venues include:

• 
  The Rave/Eagles Ballroom
• 
  Milwaukee Youth Arts Center
• 
  Turner Hall
• 
  Marcus Center for the Performing Arts

Milwaukee has some 75 sculptures to honor the many people and topics reflecting thecity's history.^[144]Among the more prominent monuments are:

• 
  Leif Ericsonmonument
• 
  Tadeusz Kościuszkomonument in Kosciuszko Parkin Historic Lincoln Village.

Additionally, Milwaukee has a burgeoning mural arts scene.Black Cat Alleyis a well-known arts destination in a one-block alleyway in theEast Sideneighborhood of Milwaukee, recognized for its street art mural installations. It is behind the historicOriental Theatreand includes both temporary and semi-permanent installations by a variety of artists and art groups. Another highly visible corridor of street art in Milwaukee is on the south side in the Walker's Point neighborhood, especially along 5th and 2nd streets.

The city hosts an annual lakefront music festival calledSummerfest. Listed in the1999Guinness Book of World Recordsas the largestmusic festivalin the world, in 2017 Summerfest attracted 831,769.^[145]The adjacent city ofWest Allishas been the site of theWisconsin State Fairfor over a century.

Milwaukee hosts a variety of primarily ethnically themed festivals throughout the summer. Held generally on the lakefrontSummerfest grounds, these festivals span several days (typically Friday plus the weekend) and celebrate Milwaukee's history and diversity. Festivals for theLGBT(PrideFest) andPolish(Polish Fest) communities are typically held in June. Summerfest spans 11 days at the end of June and beginning of July. There areFrench(Bastille Days),Greek,Italian(Festa Italiana) andGerman(German Fest) festivals in July. TheAfrican,Arab,Irish(Irish Fest),Mexican, andAmerican Indianevents wrap it up from August through September.^[146]Milwaukee is also home toTrainfest, the largest operating model railroad show in America, in November.

Milwaukee's ethnic cuisines includeGerman,Italian,Russian,Hmong,French,Serbian,Polish,Thai,Chinese,Mexican,Indian,Korean,Japanese, Vietnamese, Turkish, Middle Eastern, and Ethiopian.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee County hosts the Zoo-A La Carte at theMilwaukee County Zoo,^[147][148]and various ethnic festivals likeIrish Fest],Polish Fest,German Fest, andFesta Italianacelebrate various types of cuisine in summer months.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee has a long history of musical activity. The first organized musical society, called "Milwaukee Beethoven Society" formed in 1843, three years before the city was incorporated.^[149]

The large concentrations of German and other European immigrants contributed to the musical character of the city.Saengerfestewere held regularly.^[150]

In the early 20th century, guitaristLes Pauland pianistLiberacewere some of the area's most famous musicians. Both Paul, born in Waukesha, and Liberace, born in West Allis, launched their careers in Milwaukee music venues.Paramount Records, primarily a jazz and blues record label, was founded inGrafton, a northern suburb of Milwaukee, in the 1920s and 1930s.Hal Leonard Corporation, founded in 1947, is one of the world's largest music print publishers, and is headquartered in Milwaukee.^[151]More recently, Milwaukee has a history ofrock,hip hop,jazz,soul,blues,punk,ska,industrial music,electronica,world music, andpop musicbands.

Milwaukee's most famous music venue isSummerfest. Founded in 1968, Summerfest features 700–800 live musical acts across 12 stages during 11 days over a 12-day period beginning in late June; while the dates adjust each year, Summerfest always includes July 4. On the Summerfest grounds, the largest venue is the American Family Insurance Amphitheater with a 23,000 person capacity. Adjacent is the BMO Harris Pavilion, which has a capacity of roughly 10,000. The BMO Harris Pavilion also hosts numerous concerts and events outside of Summerfest; other stages are also used during the numerous other festivals held on the grounds.

Venues such asPabst Theater,Marcus Centerfor Performing Arts, theHelene Zelazo Center for the Performing Arts,Marcus Amphitheater(Summerfest Grounds),Riverside Theater, theNorthern Lights Theater, andThe Ravefrequently bring internationally known acts to Milwaukee. 'Jazz in the Park', a weekly jazz show held at downtownCathedral Square Park, has become a summer tradition; free, public performances with a picnic environment.^[152]Nearby Pere Marquette Park hosts "River Rhythms" on Wednesday nights.

The Milwaukee area is known for producing national talents such asSteve Miller(rock), Wladziu ValentinoLiberace(piano),Al Jarreau(jazz),Eric Benet(neo-soul),Speech(hip hop),Daryl Stuermer(rock),Streetz-n-Young Deuces(Hip-Hop),BoDeans(rock),Les Paul(jazz), theViolent Femmes(alternative),Coo Coo Cal(rap),Die Kreuzen(punk),Andy HurleyofFall Out Boy(punk), Eyes To The Sky (hardcore),Rico Love(R&B),Andrew 'The Butcher' MrotekofThe Academy Is...(alt-rock), Showoff (pop-punk),The Promise Ring(indie),Lights Out Asia(post-rock),the Gufs(alt rock), Brief Candles (rock),IshDARR(rap),Decibully(indie), andReyna(synth-pop).^{[citation needed][importance?]}

Currently, Milwaukee's sports teams include:

Club	Sport	Founded	Current League	Stadium
Milwaukee Bucks	Basketball	1968	EasternandCentral(NBA)	Fiserv Forum
Milwaukee Brewers	Baseball	1970	National League(MLB)	American Family Field
Milwaukee Bavarians	Soccer	1929[153]	United Premier Soccer League	Heartland Value Fund Stadium
Marquette Golden Eagles	Basketball	1916	Big East Conference(NCAA)	Fiserv Forum
Milwaukee Panthers	Basketball	1956	Horizon League(NCAA)	UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena
Milwaukee Admirals	Hockey	1970	American Hockey League	UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena
Milwaukee Wave	Indoor soccer	1984	Major Arena Soccer League	UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena
Brewcity Bruisers	Roller Derby	2006	WFTDA	UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena
Milwaukee Milkmen	Baseball	2018	American Association of Independent Professional Baseball	Franklin Field
USL Milwaukee	Soccer	2022	USL Championship	Iron District Stadium
FC Milwaukee Torrent	Soccer	2015	National Premier Soccer League(Men)Women's Premier Soccer League(Women)	Hart Park

The city is represented in two of the fourmajor professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada–theMilwaukee BrewersofMajor League Baseballand theMilwaukee Bucksof theNational Basketball Association. Milwaukee does not have aNational Football Leagueteam or aNational Hockey Leagueteam. For a short time, Milwaukee was home to the NFL'sBadgers, from 1922 to 1926. Today, the city is generally considered a second home market for the NFL'sGreen Bay Packers.^[154]The team split its home schedule betweenGreen Bayand Milwaukee from 1933 to 1994, although most home games during that time were played in Green Bay. Of the games played in Milwaukee, the majority were played atCounty Stadium.^[155]However, by 1991, the Packers claimed that revenue from the Milwaukee games were 60% of the revenue generated from the Green Bay games, and Milwaukee officials did not act upon the Packers' request that County Stadium be replaced with an updated stadium.^[156]The Packers' longtimeflagship stationis Milwaukee-basedWTMJ AM 620.^[157]

Milwaukee also has a strong history of nonprofessional sports dating back to the 19th century.Abraham Lincolnwatchedcricketin Milwaukee in 1849 when he attended a game between Chicago and Milwaukee. In 1854, the Milwaukee Cricket Club had 150 members.^[158]

Milwaukee was the host city of theInternational Cycling Classic, which included the men's and women'sSuperweekPro Tour races, featuring cyclists and teams from across the United States and more than 20 other countries.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee County is known for its well-developedParks of Milwaukeepark system.^[159]The "Grand Necklace of Parks", designed byFrederick Law Olmsted, designer of New York's Central Park, includesLake Park, River Park (now Riverside Park), and West Park (nowWashington Park). Milwaukee County Parks offer facilities for sunbathing, picnics, grilling,disc golf, and ice skating.^[160]Milwaukee has over 140 parks with over 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) of parks and parkways. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking,The Trust for Public Land, a national land conservation organization, reported Milwaukee had the 19th best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.^[161]

Milwaukee's parks are home to several nature centers. TheUrban Ecology Centeroffers programming for adults and children from its three branches located in Riverside Park, Washington Park, and theMenomonee Valley(near Three Bridges Park).^[162]The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources operates a nature center atHavenwoods State Forest.^[163]The city is also served by two nearby suburban nature centers.Wehr Nature Centeris operated by Milwaukee County inWhitnall Park, located inFranklin, Wisconsin. Admission is free, and parking costs $5 per vehicle.^[164]TheSchlitz Audubon Nature CenterinBayside, Wisconsincharges admittance fees for visitors.

The Monarch Trail, on the Milwaukee County Grounds in Wauwatosa, is a 1.25-mile (2 km) trail that highlights the fall migration of themonarch butterflies.^[165]

During the summer months,Cathedral Parkin Downtown Milwaukee hosts "Jazz in the Park" on Thursday nights.^[166]Nearby Pere Marquette Park hosts "River Rhythms" on Wednesday nights.

Milwaukee Public Market, in theThird Wardneighborhood, is an indoor market that sells produce, seafood, meats, cheeses, vegetables, candies, and flowers from local businesses.

Milwaukee County Farmers Markets, held in season, sell fresh produce, meats, cheeses, jams, jellies, preserves and syrups, and plants. Farmers markets also feature artists and craftspeople. Locations include: Aur Farmers Market, Brown Deer Farmers Market, Cudahy Farmers Market, East Town Farm Market, Enderis Park Farmers Market, Fondy Farmers Market, Mitchell Street Market, Riverwest Gardeners' Market, Silver Spring Farmers Market, South Milwaukee Farmers Market, South Shore Farmers Market, Uptown Farmers Market, Wauwatosa Farmers Market, West Allis Farmers Market, and Westown Market on the Park.

Milwaukee has amayor-councilform of government. With the election of MayorJohn O. Norquistin 1988, the city adopted a cabinet form of government with the mayor appointing department heads not otherwise elected or appointed—notably the Fire and Police Chiefs. While this gave the mayor greater control of the city's day-to-day operations, the Common Council retains almost complete control over the city's finances and the mayor, with the exception of his proposed annual budget, cannot directly introduce legislation. The Common Council consists of 15 members, one from each district in the city.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee has a history of giving long tenures to its mayors; fromFrank ZeidlertoTom Barrett, the city had only four elected mayors (and one acting) in a 73-year period.^[167]When 28-year incumbentHenry Maierretired in 1988, he held the record for longest term of service for a city of Milwaukee's size,^{[citation needed]}and when Barrett retired in 2021, he was the longest-serving mayor of any of the United States' 50 largest cities.^[168]

In addition to the election of a Mayor and Common Council on the city level, Milwaukee residents elect county representatives to theMilwaukee CountyBoard of Supervisors, as well as a Milwaukee County Executive. The currentCounty ExecutiveisDavid Crowley.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee has been aDemocraticstronghold for more than a century at the federal level.^[169]At the local level,Socialistsoften won the mayorship and (for briefer periods) other city and county offices during much of the first sixty years of the 20th century. The city is split between sevenState Senatedistricts, each of which is divided between threestate Assemblydistricts. All but four state legislators representing the city are Democrats; the fourRepublicans—two in the State Assembly and two in the State Senate—represent outer portions of the city that are part of districts dominated by heavily Republican suburban counties. In 2008,Barack Obamawon Milwaukee with 77% of the vote.^[170]Tim Carpenter(D),Lena Taylor(D),Robyn Vining(D),LaTonya Johnson(D),Chris Larson(D),Alberta Darling(R), andDave Craig(R) represent Milwaukee in the State Senate;Daniel Riemer(D),JoCasta Zamarripa(D),Marisabel Cabrera(D),David Bowen(D),Jason Fields(D),LaKeshia Myers(D),Sara Rodriguez(D),Dale P. Kooyenga(R),Kalan Haywood(D),David Crowley(D),Evan Goyke(D),Jonathan Brostoff(D),Christine Sinicki(D),Janel Brandtjen(R), andMike Kuglitsch(R) represent Milwaukee in the State Assembly.

Milwaukee makes up the overwhelming majority ofWisconsin's 4th congressional district. The district is heavily Democratic, with victory in the Democratic primary often being consideredtantamount to election.^[171]The district is currently represented by DemocratGwen Moore. A Republican has not represented a significant portion of Milwaukee in Congress sinceCharles J. Kerstenlost his seat in the5th districtin 1954 to DemocratHenry S. Reuss. The small portions of the city extending into Waukesha and Washington counties are part of the5th District, represented by RepublicanScott L. Fitzgerald.

Milwaukee's Mexican Consultate serves 65 counties in Wisconsin and theUpper Peninsula of Michigan.^[172]

In 2001 and 2007, Milwaukee ranked among the ten most dangerous large cities in the United States.^[174][175]Despite its improvement since then, Milwaukee still fares worse when comparing specific crime types to the national average (e.g., homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault)^[176][177]TheMilwaukee Police Department's Gang Unit was reactivated in 2004 afterNannette Hegertywas sworn in as chief. In 2006, 4,000 charges were brought against suspects through Milwaukee's Gang Unit.^[178]In 2013 there were 105 murders in Milwaukee and 87 homicides the following year.^[179]In 2015, 146 people were killed in the city.^[180]In 2018, Milwaukee was ranked the eighth most dangerous city in the US.^[181]

As of 2016^[update], Milwaukee currently ranks as the second poorest U.S. city with over 500,000 residents, falling behind onlyDetroit.^[182]In 2013, a Point-In-Time survey estimated 1,500 people were homeless on Milwaukee's streets each night,^[183]although as of 2022 the estimate has reduced to 832.^[184]The city's homeless and poor are aided by several local nonprofits, including theMilwaukee Rescue Mission.

Milwaukee city vote
by party in presidential elections

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third Parties
2020[185]	78.83%194,661	19.60%48,414	1.57%3,875
2016[186]	76.55%188,657	18.43%45,411	5.02%12,377
2012[187]	79.27%227,384	19.72%56,553	1.01%2,896
2008[188]	77.82%213,436	21.03%57,665	1.15%3,152
2004[189]	71.83%198,907	27.35%75,746	0.82%2,268

Milwaukee Public Schools(MPS) is the largest school district in Wisconsin andthirty-thirdin the nation. As of 2007, it had an enrollment of 89,912 students^[190]and as of 2006 employed 11,100 full-time and substitute teachers in 323 schools. Milwaukee Public Schools operate asmagnet schools, with individualized specialty areas for interests in academics or the arts.Washington High School,Riverside University High School,Rufus King High School,Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School,Samuel Morse Middle School for the Gifted and Talented,Golda Meir School,Milwaukee High School of the Arts, andLynde & Harry Bradley Technology and Trade Schoolare some of the magnet schools in Milwaukee. In 2007, 17 MPS high schools appeared on a national list of "dropout factories"—schools where fewer than 60% of freshmen graduate on time.^[191]

Milwaukee is also home to over two dozen private or parochial high schools, such asMarquette University High School, and many private andparochialmiddle and elementary schools. In 1990, Milwaukee became the first city in the United States to offer aschool voucherprogram.

Of persons in Milwaukee aged 25 and above, 89.2% have a high school diploma, and 32.4% have a bachelor's degree or higher.^[192]

Milwaukee area universities and colleges:

Milwaukee's dailynewspaperis theMilwaukee Journal Sentinel, which was formed when the morning paper theMilwaukee Sentinelmerged with the afternoon paperMilwaukee Journal. The city has two free distribution alternative publications,Shepherd ExpressandWisconsin Gazette. Other local newspapers, city guides, and magazines with large distributions includeMilwaukee Magazine,Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service,Milwaukee Independent,Riverwest Currents,The Milwaukee CourierandMilwaukee Community Journal.Urban MilwaukeeandOnMilwaukee.comare online-only publications providing political and real-estate news as well as stories about cultural events and entertainment. TheUWM Postis the independent, student-run weekly at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee's majornetwork televisionaffiliates areWTMJ4 (NBC),WITI6 (Fox),WISN12 (ABC),WVTV18 (CW),WCGV-TV24 (MyNetworkTV), andWDJT58 (CBS). Spanish-language programming is onWTSJ-LD38 (Visión Latina) andWYTU-LD63 (Telemundo). Milwaukee'spublic broadcasting stationsareWMVS10 andWMVT36.

Other television stations in the Milwaukee market includeWMKE-CD7 (Quest),WVCY30 (FN),WBME-CD41 (Me-TV),WMLW-TV49 (Independent),WWRS52 (TBN),Sportsman Channel, andWPXE55 (ION)

There are numerousradiostations throughout Milwaukee and the surrounding area.

There are two cablePEGchannels in Milwaukee: channels 13 and 25.

Until 2015,Journal Communications(aNYSE-traded corporation) published theJournal Sentineland well over a dozen local weekly newspapers in the metropolitan area. At that time, Journal was split into the Journal Media Group for publishing, while the television and radio stations went to theE. W. Scripps Company(Journal founded WTMJ-TV, along withWTMJandWKTI). As a result, it was criticized for having a near-monopolyin local news coverage.^[193][194]Journal Media Group merged withGannettin 2016, while Scripps sold the radio stations in 2018 toGood Karma Brands, effectively splitting off the monopoly completely.

The city is the home ofRed Letter Media, independent filmmakers responsible for such works asSpace Cop.^{[citation needed]}

Milwaukee's health care industry includes several health systems. The Milwaukee Regional Medical Complex, between 8700 and 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, is on the Milwaukee County grounds. This area includes theChildren's Hospital of Wisconsin,Froedtert Hospital, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, theRonald McDonald House, Curative Rehabilitation, and theMedical College of Wisconsin.Aurora Health CareincludesSt. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Aurora West Allis Medical Center, and St. Luke's SouthShore.Wheaton Franciscan Healthcareincludes St. Joseph's Hospital, St. Francis Hospital, The Wisconsin Heart Hospital, Elmbrook Memorial (Brookfield), and other outpatient clinics in the Milwaukee area. Columbia St. Mary's Hospital is on Milwaukee's lakeshore and has established affiliations with Froedtert Hospital and the Medical College of Wisconsin. The Medical College of Wisconsin is one of two medical schools in Wisconsin and the only one in Milwaukee.

Other health care non-profit organizations in Milwaukee include national headquarters of theAmerican Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunologyand the Endometriosis Association.

Milwaukee has two airports:Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport(KMKE) on the southern edge of the city, which handles the region's commercial traffic, andLawrence J. Timmerman Airport(KMWC), known locally as Timmerman Field, on the northwest side along Appleton Avenue.

Mitchell is served by twelve airlines,^[195]which offer roughly 240 daily departures and 245 daily arrivals. Approximately 90 cities are served nonstop or direct from Mitchell International. It is the largest airport in Wisconsin and the 34th largest in the nation.^[196]The airport terminal is open 24 hours a day. Since 2005, Mitchell International Airport has been connected by the Amtrak Hiawatha train service, which provides airport access via train to Chicago and downtown Milwaukee.Southwest,Frontier Airlines,American Airlines,United Airlines,Air Canada, andDelta Air Linesare among the carriers using Milwaukee's Mitchell International Airport gates.^[195]In July 2015, it served 610,271 passengers.^[197]

Milwaukee'sAmtrakstation was renovated in 2007 to createMilwaukee Intermodal Stationnear downtown Milwaukee and the Third Ward to provide Amtrak riders easy access to intercity bus services. The station itself replaces the previous main railway station,Everett Street Depot. Milwaukee is served by Amtrak'sHiawatha Servicepassenger train up to seven times daily between Milwaukee Intermodal Station andChicago Union Station, including a stop at theMilwaukee Airport Railroad Station,Sturtevant, Wisconsin, andGlenview, Illinois. Amtrak'sEmpire Builderstops at Milwaukee Intermodal Station and connects toChicagoand thePacific Northwest, with several stops along the way.

In 2010, $800 million in federal funds were allocated to the creation of high-speed rail links from Milwaukee to Chicago andMadison,^[198]but the funds were rejected by the then newly electedGovernor of WisconsinScott Walker.^[199]and the trains were sold toMichigan. In 2016,WisDOTandIDOTconducted studies to upgrade service on the AmtrakHiawathaline from seven to ten times daily between downtown Milwaukee and downtown Chicago.^[200][201]As a result of the 2021 infrastructure bill and the "Amtrak Connects Us" initiative, the Milwaukee Intermodal Station is again projected to serve passenger trains to Madison and Green Bay, with the goal of the new routes being operational by 2035.^[202]

Intercity bus services to the city includeAmtrak Thruway,Badger Bus,Flixbus,Greyhound Lines,Indian Trails,Jefferson Lines,Lamers Bus Lines,Megabus,Wisconsin Coach Linesand other intercity bus operators.

• Bus: TheMilwaukee County Transit Systemprovides bus services within Milwaukee County. TheBadger Busstation in downtown Milwaukee provides bus service between Milwaukee and Madison. An East/WestBus Rapid Transit (BRT)line between downtown and the Milwaukee Regional Medical Center is also currently under construction.^[203]

• Streetcar: A modernstreetcarsystem,The Hop, connects Milwaukee Intermodal Station, downtown Milwaukee, and Ogden Avenue on the city'sLower East Side. The initial M-Line opened for service on November 2, 2018.^[204][205]Service to the lakefront, through theCouture, on the L-Line opened on October 29, 2023.^[206]

• Commuter rail: Milwaukee currently has no commuter rail system.Previous efforts to develop oneproposed a 0.5% sales tax^{[citation needed]}inMilwaukee,RacineandKenoshacounties to fund an expansion ofMetra'sUnion Pacific / North LinefromKenoshato Milwaukee Intermodal Station. However, Wisconsin repealed the legislation authorizing such efforts in June 2011, and the project is now defunct.^[207]
• Light rail:A 1990s Wisconsin DOT plan determined the path forward for east-west transportation in Milwaukee to be a mix of a comprehensive light rail system, an expansion of I-94 withHOV lanes, and increased bus service to Waukesha County. Despite being awarded $289 million for this plan from the federal government, local Republican leaders rescinded support for light rail. The "locally preferred alternative" would have connected destinations including downtown Milwaukee, UW-Milwaukee, and the Milwaukee Regional Medical Center.^[208]

Three of Wisconsin'sInterstate highwaysintersect in Milwaukee.Interstate 94(I-94) comes north from Chicago to enter Milwaukee and continues west toMadison. The stretch of I-94 from Seven Mile Road to theMarquette Interchangein Downtown Milwaukee is known as the North-South Freeway. I-94 from downtown Milwaukee west to Wisconsin 16 is known as the East-West Freeway.

I-43enters Milwaukee fromBeloitin the southwest and continues north along Lake Michigan toGreen BayviaSheboyganandManitowoc. I-43 southwest of I-41/I-894/US 41/US 45Hale Interchangeis known as the Rock Freeway. I-43 is cosigned with I-894 East and I-41/US 41 South to I-94 is known as the Airport Freeway. At I-94, I-43 follows I-94 to the Marquette Interchange. I-43 continues north known as the North-South Freeway to Wisconsin Highway 57 near Port Washington.

Approved in 2015,Interstate 41follows I-94 north from the state line before turning west at theMitchell Interchangeto the Hale Interchange and then north to Green Bay viaFond du Lac,OshkoshandAppleton. I-41/US 41/US 45 from the Hale Interchange to Wisconsin Hwy 145 is known as the Zoo Freeway.

Milwaukee has two auxiliary Interstate Highways,I-894andI-794. I-894 bypasses downtown Milwaukee on the west and south sides of the city from theZoo Interchangeto the Mitchell Interchange. I-894 is part of the Zoo Freeway and the Airport Freeway. I-794 extends east from the Marquette Interchange to Lake Michigan before turning south over theHoan Bridgetoward Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport, turning intoHighway 794along the way. This is known as the Lake Freeway.

Milwaukee is also served by threeUS Highways.U.S. Highway 18(US 18) provides a link from downtown to points west heading toWaukeshaalong Wells Street, 17th/16th Streets, Highland Avenue, 35th Street, Wisconsin Avenue, and Blue Mound Road.US 41andUS 45both provide north–south freeway transportation on the western side of the city. The freeway system in Milwaukee carries roughly 25% of all travel in Wisconsin.^[209]

Milwaukee County is also served by severalWisconsin highways. These include the following:

• Hwy. 24(Forest Home Avenue)
• Hwy. 32(Chicago Avenue, College Avenue, S. Lake Drive, Howard Avenue, Kinnickinnic Avenue, 1st Street, Pittsburgh Avenue, Milwaukee Street, State Street, Prospect Avenue NB/Farwell Avenue SB, Bradford Avenue, N. Lake Drive, Brown Deer Road)
• Hwy. 36(Loomis Road)
• Hwy. 38(Howell Avenue, Chase Avenue, 6th Street)
• Hwy. 57(27th Street, Highland Avenue, 20th Street, Capitol Drive, Green Bay Avenue)
• Hwy. 59(Greenfield Avenue/National Avenue)
• Hwy. 100(Ryan Road, Lovers Lane Road, 108th Street, Mayfair Road, Brown Deer Road)
• Hwy. 119(Airport Spur)
• Hwy. 145(Fond du Lac Ave, Fond du Lac Freeway)
• Hwy. 175(Appleton Avenue, Lisbon Avenue, Stadium Freeway)
• Hwy 181(84th Street, Glenview Avenue, Wauwatosa Avenue, 76th Street)
• Hwy. 190(Capitol Drive)
• Hwy. 241(27th Street)
• Hwy. 794(Lake Parkway)

In 2010, the Milwaukee area was ranked the 4th best city for commuters byForbes.^[210]

Milwaukee's main port,Port of Milwaukee, handled 2.4 million metric tons of cargo through its municipal port in 2014.^[211]Steelandsaltare handled at the port.

Milwaukee connects withMuskegon, Michigan, through theLake Expresshigh-speedautoand passengerferry. The Lake Express travels across Lake Michigan from late spring to the fall of each year.

As of 2022^[update], Milwaukee has 195 miles (314 km) of on-street bicycle facilities, including various kinds of bicycle lanes, bicycle boulevards, and trails. In the following year, the city set a goal of increasing theirprotected bicycle lanesfrom 2.6 miles (4.2 km) to 50 miles (80 km) by 2026.^[212]

In 2006, Milwaukee obtained bronze-level status from the League of American Bicyclists,^[213]a rarity for a city its size,^[214]then silver-level status in 2019.^[215]

The Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin^[216]holds an annual Bike to Work Week. The event, held in May each year, has frequently featured a commuter race between a car, a bus, and a bike; and also a morning ride into work with the mayor.

In 2008, the city identified over 250 miles (400 km) of streets on which bike lanes will fit. It created a plan labeling 145 miles (233 km) of those as high priority for receiving bike lanes.^[217]As part of the city's Bicycle and Pedestrian Task Force's mission to "make Milwaukee more bicycle and pedestrian friendly", as of 2008^[update], over 700 bike racks have been installed throughout the city.^[218]Since October 2018, when it enacted a Complete Streets policy, the city continuously considers the addition of bicycle facilities to roadways as part of new road projects.^[219]

In 2009, theMilwaukee County Transit Systembegan installing bicycle racks to the front of county buses.^[220]This "green" effort was part of a settlement of anasbestoslawsuit filed by the state against the county in 2006.^[221]The lawsuit cites the release of asbestos into the environment when theCourthouse Annexwas demolished.^[222]

In August 2014, Milwaukee debuted abicycle sharing systemcalledBublr Bikes, which is a partnership between the City of Milwaukee and a local non-profit, Midwest Bike Share (dba Bublr Bikes).^[223][224]As of August 2023^[update], the system operates over 100 stations in the city and neighboring West Allis and Wauwatosa.^[225]

A 2015 study byWalk Scoreranked Milwaukee as the 15th most walkable out of the 50 largest U.S. cities.^[226]As a whole, the city has a score of 62 out of 100. However, several of the more densely populated neighborhoods have much higher scores: Juneautown has a score of 95; theLower East Sidehas a score of 91; Yankee Hill scored 91; and the Marquette and Murray Hill neighborhoods both scored 89 each.^[227]Those ratings range from "A Walker's Paradise" to "Very Walkable."

According to the 2022American Community Survey, 66% of working city of Milwaukee residents commuted by driving alone, 11.1% carpooled, 4.5% used public transportation, and 4.3% walked. About 2% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 12.1% of working city of Milwaukee residents worked at home.^[228]In 2015, 17.9% of city of Milwaukee households were without a car, which increased to 18.7% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Milwaukee averaged 1.3 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.^[229]

On February 10, 2015, a streetcar connecting the Milwaukee Intermodal Station with the city'sLower East Sidewas approved by the Common Council, bringing decades of sometimes acrimonious debate to a pause. On a 9–6 vote, the council approved a measure that established the project's $124 million capital budget, its estimated $3.2 million operating and maintenance budget and its 2.5-mile (4.0 km) route, which includes a lakefront spur connecting the line to the proposed $122 million, 44-story Couture. Construction on the Milwaukee Streetcar began March 2017, with initial operation by mid-2018.^[205][230]This project was later named to The Hop, and became a free transit system.^[231][232]The Lakefront service was expected to start operation by 2019.^[205]

Northwestern Mutual Tower and Commonsstands 550 feet (170 m) tall and has 32 stories, making it the second tallest building in Milwaukee.^[233][234]

Fiserv Forum, a new multipurpose arena at 1111 Vel R. Phillips Avenue, has been built to accommodate theMilwaukee BucksandMarquette Golden Eagles, as well as college and professional ice hockey games. Construction on the $524 million project began in November 2015 and opened to the public on August 26, 2018.^[235]The arena is intended to be the focal point of a "live block" zone that includes public space surrounded by both commercial and residential developments. The arena has a transparent facade and a curved roof and side that is meant to evoke the water forms of nearby Lake Michigan and theMilwaukee River.^[236]

• The AmericansitcomHappy Dayswas set in Milwaukee and ran for 11 seasons from 1974 to 1984, becoming one of the most successful sitcoms in American television history. It presented an idealized vision of life in the 1950s and early-1960sMidwestern United States.
• The American sitcom,Laverne & Shirley, a spin-off ofHappy Days, which played for eight seasons on ABC from January 27, 1976, to May 10, 1983, followed the lives of Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney, two friends and roommates who work as bottle-cappers in the fictitious Shotz Brewery in late 1950s Milwaukee.
• The 2004 sports comedy film,Mr. 3000,takes place in Milwaukee and features actorBernie Macas a member of theMilwaukee Brewers.^[237]
• In the 1992 movie,Wayne's World, the two main characters, Wayne and Garth, meet rock starAlice Cooperafter a show in Milwaukee. Cooper engages in a discussion with them and his band about Milwaukee and where the city's name comes from.^[238][239]
• The 2011 comedy filmBridesmaidsstarringKristen Wiig,Maya RudolphandRebel Wilsonhad multiple scenes set in Milwaukee, though it was filmed in California.^[240]
• The headquarters of film and video production companyRed Letter Mediaare in Milwaukee. The company often discuss its pride in the city.^[241]

Milwaukee'ssister citiesare:^[242]

• Ningbo, China^[243]

• 1947 Wisconsin earthquake
• Great Lakes megalopolis
• Flag of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• Seal of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• USSMilwaukee, 5 ships

• Fure-Slocum, Eric (June 2013).Contesting the Postwar City: Working-Class and Growth Politics in 1940s Milwaukee.Cambridge University Press.ISBN9781107036352.
• Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds.Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980(Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980.online; see index at p. 409 for list.

• Official website
• Greater Milwaukee Convention Bureau
• Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce
• Milwaukeefeatured on NPR'sState of the Re:Union
• Sanborn fire insurance maps: 1894vol 1vol 2