Jump to content

Athens, Georgia

Coordinates:33°57′N83°23′W / 33.950°N 83.383°W /33.950; -83.383
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in the U.S. state of Georgia. For the Greek capital, see Athens. For other uses, see Athens (disambiguation).

Athens, Georgia
Consolidated city–county
Athens City Hall
Athens City Hall
Official seal of Athens, Georgia
Seal
Nickname:
"The Classic City"
Location of Athens in Clarke County (left) and of Clarke County in Georgia (right)
Location of Athens in Clarke County(left) and of Clarke County in Georgia(right)
Athens, Georgia is located in Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Location in Georgia
Athens, Georgia is located in the United States
Athens, Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Location in the United States
Coordinates:33°57′N83°23′W / 33.950°N 83.383°W /33.950; -83.383
Country United States
State Georgia
County Clarke
Settled 1801(1801)
As Town December 1806(1806-12)
As City August 24, 1872(1872-08-24)
Named for Athens,Greece
Government
• Mayor Kelly Girtz[1]
Area
[2]
•Consolidated city–county 118.10 sq mi (305.87 km2)
• Land 116.33 sq mi (301.29 km2)
• Water 1.77 sq mi (4.58 km2)
Elevation
636 ft (194 m)
Population
( 2020) [3]
•Consolidated city–county 127,315
• Rank 218thin the United States
6thin Georgia
• Density 1,094.43/sq mi (422.57/km2)
•Metro
[4]
215,415 (212th)
Demonym Athenian
Time zone UTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST) UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes
30601–30609, 30612
Area code 706
FIPS code 13-03440[5]
Website accgov.com

Athensis aconsolidated city-countyin the U.S. state ofGeorgia. Downtown Athens lies about 70 miles (110 km) northeast of downtownAtlanta.[6]TheUniversity of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and anR1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. In 1991, after a vote the preceding year, the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government withClarke County, referred to jointly as Athens–Clarke County where it is thecounty seat.[7]

As of 2020, theU.S. Census Bureau's population of the consolidated city-county (all of Clarke County exceptWintervilleand a portion ofBogart) was 127,315.[3]Athens is thesixth-most populous cityin Georgia, and the principal city of theAthens metropolitan area,[8]which had a 2020 population of 215,415, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.[4]Metropolitan Athens is a component of the largerAtlanta–Athens–Clarke County–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area.[9]

The city is dominated by a pervasivecollege townculture andmusic scenecentered indowntown Athens, next to the University of Georgia's North Campus.[10]Major music acts associated with Athens include numerousalternative rockbands such asR.E.M.,the B-52's,Widespread Panic,Drive-By Truckers,of Montreal,Neutral Milk Hotel, andHarvey Milk. The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as the Atlanta-basedIndigo Girls. The 2020 bookCool Town: How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culturedescribes Athens as the model of the indie culture of the 1980s.[11]

History

[edit]
Historic American Buildings of Athens in 1936

In the late 18th century, a trading settlement on the banks of theOconee Rivercalled Cedar Shoals stood where Athens is today.[12]On January 27, 1785, theGeorgia General Assemblygranted acharterbyAbraham Baldwinfor theUniversity of Georgiaas the firststate-supported university. Georgia's control of the area was established following theOconee War. In 1801, a committee from the university's board oftrusteesselected a site for the university on a hill above Cedar Shoals, in what was thenJackson County. On July 25, 1801,John Milledge, one of the trustees and later governor of Georgia, bought 633 acres from Daniel Easley and donated it to the university. Milledge named the surrounding areaAthensafter the city that was home to thePlatonic AcademyofPlatoandAristotleinClassical Greece.[13]

City Hall on College Avenue in Downtown Athens, seen across Washington Street

The first buildings on the University of Georgia campus weremade from logs. The town grew as lots adjacent to the college were sold to raise money for the additional construction of the school. By the time the first class graduated from the university in 1804, Athens consisted of three homes, three stores, and a few other buildings facing Front Street, now known as Broad Street. Completed in 1806 and named in honor ofBenjamin Franklin, Franklin College was the first permanent structure of the University of Georgia and the city of Athens. This brick building is now known as Old College.

Athens officially became a town in December 1806 with a government made up of a three-member commission.[14]The university and town continued to grow withcotton millsfueling the industrial and commercial development. Athens became known as the "Manchesterof the South" after the city in England known for its mills. In 1833 a group of Athens businessmen led by James Camak, tired of their wagons getting stuck in the mud, built one of Georgia's first railroads, theGeorgia, connecting Athens toAugustaby 1841, and to Marthasville (nowAtlanta) by 1845. In the 1830s and 1840s, transportation developments and the growing influence of the University of Georgia made Athens one of the state's most important cities as the Antebellum Period neared the height of its development. The university essentially created a chain reaction of growth in the community which developed on its doorstep.[15]

During theAmerican Civil War,[16]Athens became a significant supply center when the New Orleans armory was relocated to what is now called the Chicopee building. Fortifications can still be found along parts of the North Oconee River between College Avenue and Oconee Street. In addition, Athens played a small part in the ill-fated "Stoneman Raid" when a skirmish was fought on a site overlooking the Middle Oconee River near what is now the old Macon Highway.[17]AConfederate memorialthat used to stand on Broad Street near the University of Georgia Arch was removed the week of August 10, 2020.[18]

DuringReconstruction, Athens continued to grow. The form of government changed to a mayor-council government with a new city charter on August 24, 1872, and Henry Beusse was elected as the first mayor of Athens.[19]Beusse was instrumental in the city's rapid growth after the Civil War. After serving as mayor, he worked in the railroad industry and helped bring railroads to the region, creating growth in many of the surrounding communities. Freed slaves moved to the city, where many were attracted by the new centers for education such as theFreedmen's Bureau. This new population was served by three black newspapers: theAthens Blade, theAthens Clipper, and theProgressive Era.[20]

In the 1880s, as Athens became more densely populated, city services and improvements were undertaken. The AthensPoliceDepartment was founded in 1881 andpublic schoolsopened in the fall of 1886. Telephone service was introduced in 1882 by theBell Telephone Company. Transportation improvements were also introduced with a street paving program beginning in 1885 andstreetcars, pulled by mules, in 1888.

Broad Street in Downtown Athens at an entrance to North Campus of the University of Georgia

By the centennial in 1901, Athens had experienced a century of development and growth. A newcity hallwas completed in 1904. AnAfrican-Americanmiddle classand the professional class grew around the corner of Washington and Hull Streets, known as the "Hot Corner", where the Morton Building was constructed in 1910.[21]The theater at the Morton Building hosted movies and performances by black musicians such asLouis Armstrong,Cab Calloway, andDuke Ellington. In 1907 aviation pioneerBen T. Eppsbecame Georgia's first pilot on a hill outside town that would become theAthens-Ben Epps Airport.

The last, and perhaps only, lynching in Athens occurred on February 16, 1921, when a mob of 3,000 people attacked the Athens courthouse and carried off John Lee Eberhart. Eberhart had been arrested for the murder of his employer, Ida D. Lee, with a shotgun in Oconee County. That night he was driven back to the Lee farm where a mock trial was held. Though he refused to confess, he was tied to a stake and burned to death. The lynching received widespread attention.[22]

DuringWorld War II, theU.S. Navybuilt new buildings and paved runways to serve as a training facility for naval pilots. In 1954, the U.S. Navy chose Athens as the site for theNavy Supply Corpsschool. The school was inNormaltownin the buildings of the oldNormal School. It closed in 2011 under theBase Realignment and Closureprocess. The 56 acre site is now home to the Health Sciences Campus, which contains the University of Georgia/Medical College of Georgia Medical Partnership, the University of Georgia College of Public Health, and other health-related programs.[23]

In 1961, Athens witnessed part of the civil rights movement whenCharlayne HunterandHamilton Holmesbecame the first two black students to enter the University of Georgia.[24]Despite theBrown vs. Board of EducationSupreme Courtruling in 1954, the Athens–Clarke County school district remained segregated until 1964.

Timeline

[edit]
Timeline of Athens, Georgia

Geography

[edit]

According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the balance has a total area of 118.2 square miles (306.1 km2), of which 117.8 square miles (305.1 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (0.41%) is water.

Athens lies within thehumid subtropical climatezone, with hot, humid summers and mild to moderately cold winters. Annual rainfall averages 49.7 inches (1,260 mm). Light to moderate sporadic snowfall occasionally can occur in winter. In the spring, sporadicthunderstormscan occasionally become severe, rarely producingtornadoes. The city sits on a series of hills, unique to thePiedmont region.

Climate

[edit]

Athens has ahumid subtropical climate.[44]Its climatic regime is in many ways typical ofSoutheastern United Stateswith hot summers transitioning into cool winters, but with precipitation being consistently high throughout the year. Normal monthly temperatures range from 43.5 °F (6.4 °C) in January to 80.6 °F (27.0 °C) in July; on average, maxima reach 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and stay below 40 °F (4 °C) on 58 and 5.8 days annually, and there are 48 days annually with a minimum at or below freezing.[45]

Official record temperatures range from −4 °F (−20 °C) onJanuary 21, 1985to 109 °F (43 °C) onJune 29, 2012;[45]the record cold daily maximum is 18 °F (−8 °C) on January 30, 1966, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 79 °F (26 °C) as recently as August 11, 2007.[45]Temperatures rarely fall below 10 °F (−12 °C), having last occurred January 7, 2014.[45]The average window for freezing temperatures is November 5 to March 24, allowing a growing season of 225 days.[45]

Precipitation is relatively well spread (though the summer months are slightly wetter), and averages 46.3 inches (1,180 mm) annually, but has historically ranged from 28.61 in (727 mm) in 1954 to 71.39 in (1,813 mm) in 1964.[45]Snowfall is sporadic, averaging 2.9 inches (7.4 cm) per winter, but has reached 13.6 inches (34.5 cm) in 2010–2011.[45]

Climate data for Athens, Georgia (Ben Epps Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[46]extremes 1893–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)		 83
(28)		 89
(32)		 97
(36)		 100
(38)		 109
(43)		 108
(42)		 107
(42)		 108
(42)		 100
(38)		 86
(30)		 80
(27)		 109
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 71
(22)		 75
(24)		 82
(28)		 86
(30)		 92
(33)		 96
(36)		 98
(37)		 98
(37)		 93
(34)		 86
(30)		 79
(26)		 72
(22)		 100
(38)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 54.7
(12.6)		 58.9
(14.9)		 66.8
(19.3)		 74.8
(23.8)		 82.3
(27.9)		 88.9
(31.6)		 92.0
(33.3)		 90.4
(32.4)		 84.6
(29.2)		 75.1
(23.9)		 64.9
(18.3)		 56.8
(13.8)		 74.2
(23.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 44.3
(6.8)		 47.9
(8.8)		 54.9
(12.7)		 62.3
(16.8)		 70.5
(21.4)		 77.7
(25.4)		 81.0
(27.2)		 79.8
(26.6)		 73.9
(23.3)		 63.5
(17.5)		 53.3
(11.8)		 46.5
(8.1)		 63.0
(17.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 33.8
(1.0)		 36.9
(2.7)		 42.9
(6.1)		 49.8
(9.9)		 58.6
(14.8)		 66.5
(19.2)		 70.0
(21.1)		 69.2
(20.7)		 63.3
(17.4)		 51.9
(11.1)		 41.6
(5.3)		 36.3
(2.4)		 51.7
(10.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 17
(−8)		 22
(−6)		 27
(−3)		 35
(2)		 45
(7)		 57
(14)		 63
(17)		 62
(17)		 51
(11)		 36
(2)		 27
(−3)		 22
(−6)		 15
(−9)
Record low °F (°C) −4
(−20)		 3
(−16)		 11
(−12)		 26
(−3)		 37
(3)		 45
(7)		 55
(13)		 53
(12)		 30
(−1)		 24
(−4)		 7
(−14)		 2
(−17)		 −4
(−20)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 4.36
(111)		 4.36
(111)		 4.37
(111)		 3.52
(89)		 3.28
(83)		 4.88
(124)		 4.20
(107)		 4.55
(116)		 3.89
(99)		 3.34
(85)		 3.77
(96)		 4.43
(113)		 48.95
(1,243)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.4
(3.6)		 0.6
(1.5)		 0.8
(2.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.1
(0.25)		 2.9
(7.4)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 10.6 10.1 9.6 8.5 8.9 11.4 10.6 9.6 7.4 6.6 8.4 10.4 112.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.7
Averagerelative humidity(%) 69 65 64 63 69 72 74 76 75 73 71 70 70
Percentpossible sunshine 49 54 58 66 68 67 63 75 64 63 58 50 61
Source:NOAA(humidity and snow 1981–2010)[45][47][48][49]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note %±
1810 273 —
1850 1,661 —
1860 3,848 131.7%
1870 4,251 10.5%
1880 6,099 43.5%
1890 8,639 41.6%
1900 10,245 18.6%
1910 14,913 45.6%
1920 16,748 12.3%
1930 18,192 8.6%
1940 20,650 13.5%
1950 28,180 36.5%
1960 31,355 11.3%
1970 44,342 41.4%
1980 42,549 −4.0%
1990 45,734 7.5%
2000 100,266 119.2%
2010 115,452 15.1%
2020 127,315 10.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[50]
1850-1870[51]1870-1880[52]
1890-1910[53]1920-1930[54]
1940[55]1950[56]1960[57]
1970[58]1980[59]1990[60]
2000[61]2010[62]2020[63]

2020 census

[edit]
Athens-Clarke County unified government, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[64] Pop 2010[65] Pop 2020[63] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
Whitealone (NH) 61,950 65,747 71,258 61.79% 56.95% 55.97%
Black or African Americanalone (NH) 27,284 30,441 31,129 27.21% 26.37% 24.45%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH) 160 138 297 0.16% 0.12% 0.23%
Asianalone (NH) 3,147 4,807 4,894 3.14% 4.16% 3.84%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH) 41 48 65 0.04% 0.04% 0.05%
Some Other Racealone (NH) 167 270 976 0.17% 0.23% 0.77%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial(NH) 1,115 1,872 4,452 1.11% 1.62% 3.50%
Hispanic or Latino(any race) 6,402 12,129 14,244 6.39% 10.51% 11.19%
Total 100,266 115,452 127,315 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the2020 United States census, there were 127,315 people, 51,640 households, and 23,615 families residing in the city. As of thecensus[5]of 2010, there were 100,266 people, 39,239 households, and 19,344 families residing in the city. The population density was 851.5 inhabitants per square mile (328.8/km2). There were 41,633 housing units at an average density of 353.6 units per square mile (136.5 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 64.71%White, 27.37%BlackorAfrican American, 0.21%Native American, 3.15%Asian, 0.04%Pacific Islander, 3.11% fromother races, and 1.41% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 6.39% of the population.

The large population increase from 1990 to 2000 reflects the city's expanded boundaries that came with the consolidation of Athens and Clarke County, and not merely an influx of new residents. Since that time the population has increased an average of 12.7% every ten years.

There were 39,239 households, of which 22.3% had children under 18 living with them, 32.3% weremarried couplesliving together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.7% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, 17.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 31.6% was from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 15.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,118, and the median income for a family was $41,407. Males had a median income of $30,359 versus $23,039 for females. Theper capita incomefor the balance was $17,103. About 15.0% of families and 28.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government

[edit]
See also: List of mayors of Athens, Georgia

In 1990, the City of Athens and Clarke County voters voted to unify their governments, becoming only the second unified government in Georgia and the 28th nationwide.[66]

  • Legislative: Thegovernmentis headed by an electedmayorand 10 electedcommissionersfrom 10 equally divided districts. Previously, they have been formed from 8 geographical districts and two super-districts covering districts 1–4 and 5–8
  • Executive: The Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County's day-to-day operations is overseen by a manager appointed by the Mayor and Commission. There are 24 main departments, divisions, and offices under the managerial group.
  • Judicial: Athens-Clarke County houses Magistrate, Juvenile, Municipal, Probate, State, andSuperior Courts. Superior Court covers the Western Judicial Circuit, which also includesOconee County.[67]

Law

[edit]
Athens-Clarke County Police Department
Abbreviation ACCPD
Agency overview
Formed January 14, 1991
Jurisdictional structure
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters 3035 Lexington Rd.
Athens, Georgia 30605
Sworns 244 (~210 working strength)
Civilians 73
Agency executive
Facilities
Number of Stations 5
Holding Facilities Clarke County Jail - Clarke County Sheriff's Office
Vehicles Chevrolet Impala, Ford Interceptor, Ford Explorer, Ford F-150, Ford Fusion, Toyota Prius
Website
http://www.accpd.org

TheAthens-Clarke County Police Department(ACCPD) was formed by the merger of thelaw enforcement agenciesof the City of Athens and Clarke County. As of October 2022, Jerry Saulters was sworn in as the new Chief of Police.[68]ACCPD is accredited by theCommission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies(CALEA) and was named a "Gold Standard Agency" in 2013. ACCPD's 911 Communications Center is also CALEA certified and has reached "Gold Standard" status. ACCPD is also the first law enforcement agency certified by theState of Georgia.[69]

Economy

[edit]

Businesses

[edit]
Downtown Athens at the intersection of Clayton Street and College Avenue

Athens is home to a growing number of young technology companies including Docebo, Roundsphere, and Cogent Education. The city is also home to more established technology companies such as Partner Software, Peachtree Medical Billing, and Digital Insight.

Athens is home to several pharmaceutical manufacturing and biotechnology companies such as Boehringer-Ingelheim and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The University of Georgia also hosts its own biotechnology research centers mostly from the lower east side of town bordering Oconee county. In May 2020, RWDC Industries, a company that develops alternatives to single-use plastics, announced its plan to invest $260 million into the city and the surrounding area and acquire an existing 400,000-square-foot facility.[70]

Independent publisherHill Street Pressis headquartered here. Authors with previous, or current, residence in the city includePulitzer PrizewinnersDeborah BlumandEdward Larson, as well asJudith Ortiz Cofer,Reginald McKnight,Coleman Barks, andJon Jefferson.

Athens' music industry has also continued to grow as Tweed Recording acquired an 11,000-square-foot facility in downtown Athens to house their new recording studio, academy, and community space.[71]

Tourism

[edit]

Each spring, there are bicycle races collectively known as theTwilight Series. One of these races is theAthens Twilight Criterium.

Competitiveness

[edit]

In 2010, the average household rent in Athens was $962. The national average was $1,087.[72]Of the Athens population 25 years of age or older, 39.3% have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.[73]

Arts and culture

[edit]

TheGeorgia Museum of Artat the University of Georgia has been, since 1982, the official state art museum. Culture coexists with the university students in creating an art scene, music scene, and intellectual environment. The city has music venues, restaurants, bars, and coffee shops that cater to its creative climate.

Points of interest

[edit]
Formal garden at the State Botanical Garden of Georgia at the University of Georgia

Music

[edit]
Main article: Music of Athens, Georgia
Georgia Theatre

The music of Athens, Georgia, includes a wide variety of popular music and was an important part of the early evolution ofalternative rockandnew wave. The city is well known as the home of chart-topping bands likeR.E.M.andThe B-52s, and several long-timeindie rockhip-hop groups. The Athens music scene grew in the early 1970s and later during the 1980s with theGeorgia Theatreand40 Watt Clubas the aforementioned bands scored breakout hits. Other notable bands wereWidespread Panic,Dreams So Real,Indigo Girls,Vigilantes of Love,Matthew Sweet,The Method Actors,Love Tractor,Pylon,Flat Duo Jets,The Primates,Modern Skirts,The Whigs,Squalls,Drive-by Truckers,Futurebirds,Bloodkin,Randall Bramblett,Vic Chesnutt,Tishamingo,Bubba Sparxxx,Dead Confederate,Corey Smith, andHumble Plum. In his insider book,Party Out of Bounds: The B-52's, R.E.M., and the Kids Who Rocked Athens,Rodger Lyle Brown described the indie rock scene in Athens.[78]

National acts that have come out of Athens include:The Whigs,Reptar,Danger Mouse,Dreams So Real,Nana Grizol,Jucifer,Servotron,Vic Chesnutt,Drive-By Truckers,Elf Power,Neutral Milk Hotel,Lera Lynn,The Sunshine Fix,Colt Ford,Brantley Gilbert,Harvey Milk,The Olivia Tremor Control,of Montreal,Widespread Panic,Perpetual Groove,Five Eight,Dead Confederate,Thayer Sarrano,Jet by Day,Mothers, andHumble Plum. R.E.M. membersMichael Stipe,Mike MillsandPeter Buckstill maintain residences in Athens. The photo bookAthens Potluck, byJason Thrasher, documents the town's musical legacy.[79]

Every summer since 1996 the city has hosted AthFest, anonprofitmusic and arts festival in the downtown area.[80]

In September 2020, the city launched the Athens Music Walk of Fame. The public art walk spans a two-city blocks loop around West Washington and Clayton Streets connected by North Lumpkin Street. Guitar pick plaques were laid on the sidewalk in front of significant music venues like the Georgia Theatre, the 40 Watt Club, and the Morton Theatre. The first round of inductees includedThe B-52s,Danger Mouse, Drive-By Truckers,The Elephant 6 Recording Company,Hall Johnson,Neal Pattman,Pylon,R.E.M.,Vic Chesnutt, and Widespread Panic.[81][82]

Education

[edit]

Clarke County School District

[edit]

TheClarke County School Districtsupports grades pre-school to grade twelve. The district consists of fourteen elementary schools, four middle schools, and three high schools (one non-traditional).[83]The district has 791 full-time teachers and 11,457 students as of 2010.[84]

Private schools

[edit]
The Arch at an entrance to North Campus of the University of Georgiain Downtown Athens

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Media

[edit]
See also: List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state), List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state), and List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)

Newspapers

[edit]

TheAthens Banner-Heraldpublishes daily. UGA has an independent weekly newspaper,The Red & Black.Flagpole Magazineis analternative newspaperpublishing weekly.Classic City Newsis a not-for-profit local news source.

Radio and television

[edit]

Local radio stations include:

Athens is part of the Atlanta television market. Two Atlanta-market television stations,WGTV(channel 8) andWUVG(channel 34), are licensed to Athens, though their transmitters are in the Atlanta metropolitan area. WGTV broadcasts from the top ofStone Mountain. From 2009 until 2015, UGA operated a television station, WUGA-TV (formerly WNEG-TV) from studios on the UGA campus, but maintained its transmitter nearToccoa, its city of license; what is nowWGTAhas since moved its studios back to Toccoa after being sold by UGA.

Amateur radio has a long history in Athens. The Athens Radio Club 2-meter repeater operates on 145.330 MHz with a (-) offset and a PL tone of 123.0/123.0. Its antenna is located at 390’ AGL on a tower in the northern part of the city.[97]The Athens Radio Club is affiliated with theAmerican Radio Relay Leagueand sponsors four community events each year.[98]

[edit]

The 1940 filmThe Green Handwas shot in Athens, using local townspeople and students and faculty from theUniversity of Georgiaas its cast. The film had its premiere in Athens in January 1940, at an event attended by GovernorEurith D. Rivers.

The 1980 TV seriesBreaking Awaywas filmed in Athens.

The movieDarius Goes Westwas shot in Athens.[99]

In 2000, the fictional Ithaca University scenes inRoad Tripwere filmed on the North Campus of the University of Georgia.[100]

In 2012,Trouble with the Curvewas partially filmed at The Globe in downtown Athens.[101]In the same year,The Spectacular Nowwas filmed entirely in Athens and the surrounding area.[102]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

Highways

[edit]

The city is the focus of U.S. HighwaysU.S. Route 29(US 29),US 78,US 129,US 441, andGeorgia State Route 72(SR 72), and near the eastern terminus ofSR 316and the southern terminus ofSR 106. Other state routes in Athens areSR 8andSR 15, which follow US 29 and US 441 respectively,SR 10which follows US 78 east and west of Athens but deviates toUS 78 Bus.to go through Athens, andSR 15 Alt.which starts at theSR 10 Loopinterchange at Milledge Avenue and follows Milledge and Prince Avenues to US 129 which it follows to the north. The SR 10 Loop serves as alimited-accessperimeter. The city is bisected east to west by Broad Street/Atlanta Highway (US 78 Bus. and SR 10) and north to south by Milledge Avenue (SR 15 Alt.). Lumpkin Street, Prince Avenue (SR 15 Alt.), North Avenue, and Oconee Street (US 78 Bus.) along with Broad Street are major thoroughfares radiating fromdowntown. College Station Road and Gaines School Road are major thoroughfares on the east side of Athens, along with US 78 east (Lexington Road). On the west side, most major thoroughfares intersect US 78 Bus. (Broad Street/Atlanta Highway), including Alps Road/Hawthorne Avenue, Epps Bridge Parkway, and Timothy Road/Mitchell Bridge Road.

Airports

[edit]

Athens-Ben Epps Airport(FAA code AHN) has been operational since 1917. It is east of downtown outsideGeorgia State Route 10 Loopand north ofUS Route 78. AHN qualifies for air service to be provided under theEssential Air Serviceprovisions.SeaPort Airlinesprovides commercial air service toNashville International Airport, TN. Until 2012,Georgia Skiesand Wings Air provided commercial air service toAtlanta, and until 2008 (before either airline's current AHN service),US Airwaysprovided service toCharlotte.Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport(ATL) is the primary point of departure and arrival for Athenians due to the relative lack of air service to AHN.[103]

Alternative transportation

[edit]

Athens encourages the use of alternative transportation. Bike lanes are provided on major thoroughfares. A rail-to-trail redevelopment is being considered to connectDowntownwith the East Side. Organizations such asBikeAthenssupport and encourage biking. Skateboarding and small scooters are also common sights around the UGA campus and Downtown.

The 211-mile (340 km)Georgia Hi–Lo Trail, established in 2024, will connect Athens toSavannah, Georgia, when completed.[104][105]

Public transit

[edit]

Athens Transitprovides fare-free, intracity transit seven days per week.[106]UGA Campus Transitprovides fare-free transit around theUniversity of Georgiacampus, Milledge Avenue and Prince Avenue on the way to UGA's newest campus, the Health Sciences Campus.[107]Southeastern Stages, a subsidiary ofGreyhound Lines,[108]provides intercity bus services.[109]Low cost curbside bus service to Atlanta and Charlotte is also provided byMegabus.

Rail

[edit]

Athens has no direct passenger rail service; the closestAmtrakstations are inAtlanta,Gainesville, andToccoa. Until the 1950s and 1960s theSeaboard Air Line Railroad's dailyCotton Blossom(ended, 1955), Washington - Atlanta,Silver Comet, New York - Birmingham andTidewater(ended, 1968), Norfolk - Birmingham service made stops at the SAL's Athens depot at College Avenue and Ware Street, north of downtown. Train service to Athens ended with the last run of theSilver Cometin 1969.[110][111]Until the early 1950s, theSouthern Railwayran a passenger service toLulaon the Southern's main line northeast of Gainesville.[112][113]Into the same period, theCentral Railroad of Georgiaran mixed passenger and freight trains south to Macon'sTerminal Station.[114][115]

Passenger service is proposed to return to Athens via a proposed route of theCharlottetoAtlantasegment of theSoutheast High Speed Rail Corridor.[116]The alignment with a proposed station stop in Athens was chosen as this segment's preferred alternative on September 30, 2020.[117]

Freight service is provided byCSX[118]andAthens Line,[119]the latter having leased tracks fromNorfolk Southern. TheGeorgia Department of Transportationhas proposed the city as the terminus of a commuter line that linksAtlantaand Gwinnett County along theGeorgia 316corridor.[120]

Utilities

[edit]

Electric service in Athens-Clarke is provided by three customer-owned electric cooperatives, Walton EMC, Rayle EMC, andJackson EMC, as well as byGeorgia Power, a subsidiary ofSouthern Company. The water utility is provided by the city. Garbage is provided by private companies according to customer purchase, though the city does offer municipal garbage pick up as a service.Natural gasis supplied byAtlanta Gas Lightthrough various marketers within the deregulated market.

Healthcare

[edit]

Athens is served by two major hospitals, the 359-bedPiedmont Athens Regionaland the 170-bed St. Mary's Hospital.[121]The city is also served by the smaller 42-bed Landmark Hospital of Athens.[122]Piedmont Athens Regional was formerly Athens Regional Medical Center before being acquired by Piedmont Healthcare in 2016.[123]In March 2018, Piedmont Healthcare announced a $171 million capital investment project for Piedmont Athens Regional which would include the addition of a fourth story to the Prince 2 building[124]as well as the demolition of the 100-year-old 1919 Tower to make space for a new, state of the art, seven-story tower. The entire project is slated for 2022 completion.[125]

St. Mary's Hospital was founded in 1906 and became a Catholic hospital in 1938. The hospital became St. Mary's Health Care System in 1993. Today, St. Mary's is part of theTrinity Health, one of the nation's largest non-profit Catholic healthcare systems that includes 92 hospitals in 22 states and includes St. Mary's Hospital in Athens, and nearby 56-bed St. Mary's Sacred Heart Hospital in Lavonia, Ga., and 25-bed St. Mary's Good Samaritan Hospital in Greensboro, Ga.

Sister cities

[edit]

The City of Athens maintains trade development programs, cultural, and educational partnerships in atwinningagreement withBucharest, Romania.[126]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Holland, Maggie (May 22, 2018)."BREAKING: Kelly Girtz claims victory as Athens-Clarke County's next mayor". The Red & Black.
  2. ^"2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedOctober 13,2021.
  3. ^ab"QuickFacts: Savannah city, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedOctober 13,2021.
  4. ^ab"2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedOctober 13,2021.
  5. ^ab"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau. RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
  6. ^"Atlanta downtown to Athens downtown".google.com.Google. RetrievedJanuary 29,2024.
  7. ^"Unification of Athens & Clarke County".athensclarkecounty.com. RetrievedMarch 16,2015.
  8. ^"U.S. Whitehouse OMB Bulletin No. 05-02 Appendix (Code 12020*)"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 20, 2006.
  9. ^"Statistical data"(PDF).census.gov.
  10. ^"Behind the Music in Athens, Georgia – Garden & Gun".Garden & Gun. November 13, 2017. RetrievedFebruary 21,2018.
  11. ^Hale, Grace Elizabeth. Cool Town How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020.
  12. ^Easom, Maxine Pinson, Patsy Hawkins Arnold, and Gary L. Doster.Across the River: The People, Places, and Culture of East Athens.2019.
  13. ^Hynds, Ernest C. (1974; 2009 ed.).Antebellum Athens and Clarke County, Georgia, pp. 2-4. University of Georgia Press.
  14. ^Hynds 1974, p. 9.
  15. ^Antebellum Athens and Clarke County, Georgia, By Ernest C. Hynds, p. 41
  16. ^Stegeman, John F. (1964).These men she gave : Civil War diary of Athens, Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press.ISBN9780820334585. RetrievedFebruary 21,2018.
  17. ^Seibert, David."The Stoneman Raid".GeorgiaInfo: an Online Georgia Almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. RetrievedNovember 9,2016.
  18. ^Aued, Blake (August 13, 2020)."Athens-Clarke County Starts Removing Confederate Monument".Flagpole: The Colorbearer of Athens, Georgia. Flagpole Magazine. RetrievedOctober 4,2020.
  19. ^Thomas, Frances Taliaferro (2nd ed. 2009).A Portrait of Historic Athens and Clarke County, p. 293. University of Georgia Press.
  20. ^Thomas 2009,pp. 115-17.
  21. ^Doster, Emily Jean & Doster, Gary L. (2011).Athens, pp. 98-99. Arcadia Publishing.
  22. ^ab"THE LYNCHING PROJECT: OCONEE COUNTY".African American Experience in Athens. University of Georgia. Archived fromthe originalon June 22, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 6,2020.
  23. ^"Location & Facilities".College of Public Health UGA. RetrievedMarch 21,2024.
  24. ^Dyer, Thomas G. (1985).The University of Georgia: A Bicentennial History, 1785–1985, p. 329. University of Georgia Press.
  25. ^abcdBritannica 1910.
  26. ^Scholl Center for American History and Culture."Georgia: Individual County Chronologies".Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Chicago:Newberry Library. Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2017. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  27. ^abcHellmann 2006.
  28. ^abc"US Newspaper Directory".Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  29. ^abcdefghijklmnop"Historical Timeline: History of Athens-Clarke County". Athens-Clarke County Unified Government. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  30. ^abcd"(Clarke County: Athens)".Explore Georgia's Historical Markers.Georgia Historical Society. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  31. ^abcFederal Writers' Project 1940.
  32. ^Hynds 1974.
  33. ^"Athens, Georgia".Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Jackson, Mississippi:Goldring / Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  34. ^ab"Movie Theaters in Athens, GA".CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  35. ^John Companiotte (2016).History of Golf in Georgia. Charleston, SC:History Press.ISBN978-1-62585-559-6.
  36. ^Thomas 2009.
  37. ^Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939),"Georgia",Radio Annual, New York: Radio Daily,OCLC2459636
  38. ^abAmerican Association for State and Local History(2002). "Georgia: Athens".Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada(15th ed.). Rowman Altamira.ISBN0759100020.
  39. ^"History of Society". Athens Historical Society. RetrievedMarch 5,2017.
  40. ^"Athensclarkecounty.com". Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County. Archived fromthe originalon March 2, 2000 – via Internet Archive,Wayback Machine.
  41. ^"Georgia".Official Congressional Directory. 1991/1992- : S. Pub. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2009.hdl:2027/uc1.c099985288– viaHathiTrust.
  42. ^"Athens-Clarke County, Georgia".State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. RetrievedMarch 5,2017.
  43. ^Civic Impulse, LLC."Members of Congress".GovTrack. Washington DC. RetrievedMarch 6,2017.
  44. ^"Athens, Georgia Climate Summary". Weatherbase. RetrievedDecember 29,2015.
  45. ^abcdefgh"NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedMay 24,2021.
  46. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  47. ^"Station: Athens Ben EPPS AP, GA".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedMay 24,2021.
  48. ^"Station: Athens Ben EPPS AP, GA".U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1981-2010). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. RetrievedMay 24,2021.
  49. ^"Local Climatological Data Annual Summary with Comparative Data for Athens, Georgia (KAHN)"(PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 5, 2021. RetrievedJuly 5,2021.
  50. ^"Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". United States Census Bureau.
  51. ^"1870 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1870.
  52. ^"1880 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
  53. ^"1910 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930.
  54. ^"1930 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930. pp. 251–256.
  55. ^"1940 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.
  56. ^"1950 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
  57. ^"1960 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1960.
  58. ^"1970 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1970.
  59. ^"1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
  60. ^"1990 Census of Population - Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1990.
  61. ^"2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.
  62. ^"2010 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia"(PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2010.
  63. ^ab"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Athens-Clarke unified government (balance)".United States Census Bureau.
  64. ^"P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Athens-Clarke County (balance) a".United States Census Bureau.
  65. ^"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Athens-Clarke unified government (balance)".United States Census Bureau.
  66. ^"Historical Timeline | Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website".www.accgov.com.
  67. ^"General Info About Athens-Clarke County". Athensclarkecounty.com. Archived fromthe originalon September 24, 2010. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  68. ^"Office of the Chief of Police | Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website".
  69. ^"Police Department".Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website. RetrievedMay 6,2022.
  70. ^"RWDC Industries is a new startup hoping to become a bioplastics giant in Athens, Ga".TechCrunch. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  71. ^"Former Downtown Shoe Store Will Be Turned Into Recording Academy".Flagpole. August 1, 2018. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  72. ^"Rent Jungle Statistics". RetrievedOctober 18,2010.
  73. ^"Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)".census.gov. RetrievedMarch 16,2016.
  74. ^Reed, Ryan."R.E.M., Neutral Milk Hotel Donate Items to Save Iconic Church Steeple"(November 3, 2014) Retrieved November 14, 2014
  75. ^"Best Bars – Esquire". Esquire.com. RetrievedOctober 29,2011.
  76. ^"Allen's Hamburgers announces it's closing". RetrievedJuly 12,2013.
  77. ^"Sandy Creek Park | Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website".sandycreekpark.com. RetrievedNovember 22,2017.
  78. ^Brown, Rodger Lyle.Party Out of Bounds: The B-52's, R.E.M., and the Kids Who Rocked Athens, 25th Anniversary edition, Published in association with the University of Georgia Music Business Program, The University of Georgia Press. Athens: [Georgia], 2016.
  79. ^Jason Thrasher,Athens Potluck, Deeds Publishing, 2017.
  80. ^"AthFest - Music Arts Film & Kids Festival, Music Education, Athens, GA Half-Marathon".athfest.com. RetrievedMarch 16,2015.
  81. ^Smith, Jessica (September 2, 2020)."The Athens Music Walk of Fame Honors Past and Present Musicians".Flagpole. RetrievedNovember 29,2020.
  82. ^"Athens Music Walk of Fame | Athens-Clarke County, GA - Official Website".www.accgov.com. RetrievedNovember 29,2020.
  83. ^Georgia Board of Education[permanent dead link]. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  84. ^School StatsArchivedSeptember 24, 2015, at theWayback Machine. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  85. ^"Al Huda Islamic Center of Athens, Georgia".www.alhudaislamiccenterofathens.org. RetrievedNovember 22,2017.
  86. ^University of Georgia. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  87. ^Athens Technical College. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  88. ^AU-UGA Medical PartnershipRetrieved December 4, 2016.
  89. ^AU-UGA Medical Partnership Health Science CampusRetrieved December 7, 2016.
  90. ^AU CON CampusesArchivedNovember 29, 2016, at theWayback MachineRetrieved December 4, 2016.
  91. ^AU CON HistoryArchivedNovember 29, 2016, at theWayback MachineRetrieved December 7, 2016
  92. ^Piedmont College- Athens CampusArchivedJuly 17, 2010, at theWayback Machine. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  93. ^"Piedmont At A Glance". Piedmont.edu. February 8, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon July 20, 2011. RetrievedAugust 20,2011.
  94. ^Quigley, Rebecca (September 12, 2007)."College-bound teens scout options".Athens Banner Herald. Online Athens. Archived fromthe originalon June 14, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 20,2024.
  95. ^"Piedmont announces new location for Athens campus".www.piedmont.edu. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  96. ^Athens College of MinistryRetrieved November 3, 2020
  97. ^Athens Radio Club collection.Athens Regional Library System.
  98. ^Athens Radio Club.Website
  99. ^Phil Hall (2009).The History of Independent Cinema. BearManor Media. p. 215.ISBN978-1-59393-335-7.
  100. ^"Road Trip (2000)".IMDb. RetrievedMarch 16,2015.
  101. ^"Athens sees itself in "Trouble with the Curve"". September 21, 2012. RetrievedJuly 12,2013.
  102. ^"Soaking up the spotlight". August 17, 2012. RetrievedJuly 12,2013.
  103. ^"Athens-Ben Epps Airport". Athensairport.net. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  104. ^Montoya, Orlando (February 9, 2024)."Plans unveiled in Georgia for 'America's longest paved trail'".Georgia Public Broadcasting. RetrievedJuly 25,2024.
  105. ^Countryman, Vanessa."A 211-mile trail from Athens to Savannah will soon break ground. Here are the first steps".Savannah Morning News. RetrievedJuly 25,2024.
  106. ^"Home". Athens Transit. August 9, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on August 27, 2010. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  107. ^"University of Georgia Campus Transit System". Transit.uga.edu. Archived fromthe originalon May 27, 2010. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  108. ^Athens, GA Greyhound Bus StationIntercity Bus Service
  109. ^"Welcome Traveler, to SOUTHEASTERN STAGES, Inc. Providing Motorcoach Services Since 1933". Southeasternstages.com. Archived fromthe originalon October 6, 2010. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  110. ^Seaboard Air Line Railroad Timetable, 1954
  111. ^"Athens depots".railga.com.
  112. ^Official Guide of the Railways,January 1950, Southern Railway section, Table 30
  113. ^Official Guide of the Railways,December 1954, Southern Railway section, freight only
  114. ^Official Guide of the Railways,January 1950, Central of Georgia section, Table 12
  115. ^Central of Georgia timetable, fall/winter, 1954-1955, Table 12 (freight only)
  116. ^"Atlanta to Charlotte Passenger Rail Corridor Investment Plan - Alternatives Development Report"(PDF). March 2019. RetrievedDecember 7,2020.
  117. ^"The Federal Rail Administration (FRA) and the Georgia DOT have reviewed comments received during the Tier 1 DEIS public comment period". September 30, 2020. RetrievedDecember 7,2020.
  118. ^"Georgia Rail System"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 4, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 17,2010.
  119. ^"The Athens Line". Railga.com. RetrievedAugust 14,2010.
  120. ^"Proposed and Existing Georgia Passenger Rail System"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on June 22, 2011. RetrievedAugust 30,2009.
  121. ^"St. Mary's Hospital - Emergency Department | Athens, GA".www.stmaryshealthcaresystem.org. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  122. ^"Critical Care Hospital Athens, GA | Landmark Hospital of Athens, GA".Landmark Hospitals. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  123. ^"A System of Better Care Across Georgia | Piedmont Healthcare".www.piedmont.org. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  124. ^"Piedmont Athens Regional | Master Facility Plan".DPR Construction. June 12, 2018. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  125. ^"Piedmont Athens Breaks Ground on New Patient Tower".www.piedmont.org. RetrievedNovember 9,2020.
  126. ^"Videanu, primarul care dă în gropi".Gândul(in Romanian). August 26, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon October 28, 2017. RetrievedNovember 18,2019.
  127. ^Hannan, Caryn (1999).Georgia Biographical Dictionary. State History Publications. p. 143.ISBN9781878592422.
  128. ^"Jeff Daniels".IMDb. RetrievedMarch 16,2015.
  129. ^"Houston Gaines' Biography".Vote Smart. RetrievedApril 15,2021.
  130. ^Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.
  131. ^"Todd Grant Kimsey obituary".Athens Banner-Herald. September 23, 2016. RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  132. ^"Major League Baseball – Brian McCann". Mlb.mlb.com. RetrievedOctober 29,2011.
  133. ^Fowler, Betty Alice (2009)."Lucy May Stanton (1875–1931)".New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 25, 2013.

Bibliography

[edit]
Published in 19th century
Published in 20th century
Published in 21st century
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Athens, Georgia.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Athens, Georgia.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Athens,_Georgia&oldid=1244773112"
Baidu
map