City College of New York

The City College of the City University of New York

Latin:Collegium Urbis Novi Eboraci
Other names	City College of New York City College
Former names	Free Academy of the City of New York (1847–1866) College of the City of New York (1866–1929) City College of New York (1929—1961)
Motto	Respice, Adspice, Prospice( Latin)
Motto in English	"Look behind, look here, look ahead"
Type	Publicresearch university
Established	1847; 177 years ago(1847)
Founder	Townsend Harris
Parent institution	City University of New York
Accreditation	MSCHE
Academic affiliations	GCU ORAU Space-grant
Endowment	$290 million (2019)[1]
President	Vincent G. Boudreau
Provost	Tony Liss
Academic staff	581 (full-time) 914 (part-time)
Administrative staff	401
Students	14,489[2](Fall 2022)
Undergraduates	13,113
Postgraduates	3,048
Location	New York , New York , United States 40°49′10″N73°57′00″W / 40.8194°N 73.9500°W /40.8194; -73.9500
Campus	Large City, 35 acres (0.14 km2)
Newspaper	The Campus The Paper
Colors	Lavender/purple,gray, andwhite[3]
Nickname	Beavers
Sporting affiliations	NCAA Division III–CUNYAC
Mascot	Benny the Beaver
Website	ccny.cuny.edu

TheCity College of the City University of New York(also known as theCity College of New York, or simplyCity CollegeorCCNY) is apublicresearch universitywithin theCity University of New York(CUNY) system inNew York City. Founded in 1847, City College was the first free public institution of higher education in the United States.^[4]It is the oldest of CUNY's 25 institutions of higher learning^[5]and is considered its flagship institution.^[6]

Located inHamilton HeightsoverlookingHarleminManhattan, City College's 35-acre (14 ha)Collegiate Gothiccampus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets.^[7]It was initially designed by renowned architectGeorge B. Post, and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status. City College's satellite campus, City College Downtown in theCunard Buildingat 25 Broadway, has been in operation since 1981. It offers degree programs for working adults with classes in the evenings and Saturdays.^[8]

Other primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation (Academic Senate, 1867);^[9]the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed (Delta Sigma Phi, 1899);^[10]the first degree-granting evening program (School of Education, 1907); and, with the objective of racially integrating the college dormitories, "the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning" led by students (1949).^[11]The college has a 48% graduation rate within six years.^[12]It isclassifiedamong "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."^[13]The institution has graduated tenNobel Prizewinners, oneFields Medalist, oneTuring Awardwinner, threePulitzer Prizewinners, and threeRhodes Scholars.^{[14][15][16][17]}Among these alumni, the latest is aBronxnative,John O'Keefe(2014Nobel Prize in Medicine).^[18]

The City College of New York was founded as theFree Academy of the City of New Yorkin 1847 by wealthy businessman and president of the Board of EducationTownsend Harris.^[19]A combinationprep school,high school/secondary schooland college, it would provide children of immigrants and the poor access to free higher education based on academic merit alone. It was one of the early public high schools in America following earlier similar institutions being founded inBoston(1829),Philadelphia(1838), andBaltimore(1839).

The Free Academy was the first of what would become a system of municipally-supported colleges – the second,Hunter College, was founded as a women's institution in 1870; and the third,Brooklyn College, was established as a coeducational institution in 1930.

In 1847, New York State GovernorJohn Younghad given permission to the state Board of Education to found the Free Academy, which was ratified in a statewide referendum. Founder Townsend Harris proclaimed, "Open the doors to all… Let the children of the rich and the poor take their seats together and know of no distinction save that of industry, good conduct and intellect."

Horace Webster(1794–1871), a graduate of theUnited States Military AcademyatWest Point, was the first president of the Free Academy. At the Free Academy's formal opening on January 21, 1849, Webster said:

The experiment is to be tried, whether the children of the people, the children of the whole people, can be educated; and whether an institution of the highest grade, can be successfully controlled by the popular will, not by the privileged few.^[20]

In 1847, a curriculum was adopted that had nine main fields: mathematics, history, language, literature, drawing, natural philosophy, experimental philosophy, law, and political economy. The academy's first graduation took place in 1853 inNiblo's Garden Theatre.^[21]

Even in its early years, the Free Academy had a framework of tolerance that extended beyond the admission of students from every social stratum. In 1854, Columbia University denied distinguished chemist and scientistOliver Wolcott Gibbsa faculty position because of hisUnitarianreligious beliefs. Gibbs had been a professor at the Free Academy since 1848.^[22]He later went on to an appointment atHarvard College.^[23][24]

In 1849 the prep schoolTownsend Harris Hall Prep Schoolopened on campus, launched as a one-year preparatory school for CCNY.^[25]. In the early 1900s, as more Jewish students were enrolling, PresidentJohn H. Finleyliberalized students' obligations by rescinding mandatory chapel attendance.^[26]

In 1866, the Free Academy, a men's institution, was renamed theCollege of the City of New York. In 1929, the College of the City of New York became theCity College of New York.^[27][28][29]Finally, the institution became known as theCity College of theCity University of New Yorkwhen the CUNY name was formally established as the umbrella institution for New York City's municipal-college system in 1961. The names City College of New York and City College, however, remain in general use.

With the name change in 1866, lavender was chosen as the college's color. In 1867, the academic senate, the first student government in the nation, was formed. Having struggled over the issue for ten years, in 1895, theNew York State Legislaturevoted to let the City College build a new campus. A four-square block site was chosen, located at WestHarlem'sManhattanville, within the area which was enclosed by theNorth Campus Arches; the college, however, quickly expanded north of the Arches.

Like President Webster, the second president of the newly renamed City College was aWest Pointgraduate. The second president, GeneralAlexander S. Webb(1835-1911), assumed office in 1869, serving for almost the next three decades. One of theUnion Army's heroes atGettysburg, General Webb was the commander of thePhiladelphia Brigade. In 1891, while still president of the City College, he was awarded theCongressional Medal of Honorfor heroism at Gettysburg. A full-length statue of Webb, in full military uniform, stands in his honor at the heart of the campus.^[30]

The college's curriculum under Webster and Webb combined classical training inLatinandGreekwith more practical subjects likechemistry,physics, andengineering. General Webb was succeeded byJohn Huston Finley(1863–1940), as third president in 1903. Finley relaxed some of the West Point-like discipline that characterized the college, including compulsory religious chapel attendance.^[26]

Phi Sigma Kappaplaced its then-sixth chapter on the campus in 1896; alumni provided scholarships to new students entering the CCNY system for generations.^[31]Delta Sigma Phi, founded at CCNY in 1899, claimed to be the first national organization of its type to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed.^[10]Previously, fraternities at CCNY had excluded Jews.^[32]The chapter flourished at the college until 1932 when it closed as a result of theGreat Depression. The founding ofZeta Beta Tauat City College in 1898 wasRichard Gottheil's initiative to establish aJewishfraternity withZionistideals. It is now defunct.^[33]

Education courses were first offered in 1897 in response to a city law that prohibited the hiring of teachers who lacked a proper academic background. The School of Education was established in 1921. The college newspaper,The Campus, published its first issue in 1907, and the first degree-granting evening session in the United States was started.

In the years when top-flight private schools were restricted to the children of the Protestant establishment, thousands of brilliant individuals (including Jewish students) attended City College because they had no other option. CCNY's academic excellence and status as a working-class school earned it the titles "Harvardof theProletariat", the "poor man's Harvard",^[34]and "Harvard-on-the-Hudson."^[35]Irving Howeclaims that when the Morris Cohen, the later philosopher, was a student at CCNY at the turn of the century, the faculty was "not very glittering" and the school was considered "at once grubby and exalted."^[32]

Separate Schools of Business and Civic Administration and of Technology (Engineering) were established in 1919. Students were also required to sign a loyalty oath. In 1947, the college celebrated its centennial year, awarding honorary degrees toBernard Baruch(class of 1889) andRobert F. Wagner(class of 1898). A 100-year time capsule was buried in North Campus.

Until 1929, City College had been an all-male institution. In 1930, CCNY admitted women for the first time, but only to graduate programs. In 1951, the entire institution became coeducational.

Even today,^[when?]no other public college has produced as manyNobellaureates who have studied and graduated with a degree from a particular public college (all graduated between 1935 and 1963).^{[36][circular reference][needs update]}CCNY's official quote on this is "Nine Nobel laureates claim CCNY as their Alma Mater, the most from any public college in the United States."^{[37][38][needs update]}This should not be confused with Nobel laureates who teach at a public university;UC Berkeleyboasts 19.^{[needs update]}Many City College Alumni also served in theU.S. Armed Forcesduring theSecond World War(1939/41–1945). A total of 310 CCNY alumni were killed in the War. Prior to World War II, a large number of City College alumni—relative to alumni of other U.S. colleges—volunteered to serve on theRepublicanside in theSpanish Civil War(1936–1939). Thirteen CCNY alumni were killed in Spain.^[39]

In its heyday of the 1930s through the 1950s, CCNY became known for its politicalradicalism. It was said that the old CCNY cafeteria in the basement of Shepard Hall, particularly in alcove 1, was the only place in the world where a fair debate betweenTrotskyistsandStalinistscould take place.^[40][41]Being part of a political debate that began in the morning in alcove 1,Irving Howereported that after some time had passed he would leave his place among the arguing students in order to attend class. When he returned to the cafeteria late in the day, he would find that the same debate had continued but with an entirely different cast of students.^[40]

The municipality of New York was considerably more conformist than CCNY students and faculty. The Philosophy Department, at the end of the 1939/40 academic year, invited the British mathematician and philosopherBertrand Russellto become a professor at CCNY. Members of theRoman Catholic Churchprotested Russell's appointment. A woman named Jean Kayfiled suit against the state Board of Higher Education to block Russell's appointmenton the grounds that his views on marriage and sex would adversely affect her daughter's virtue, although her daughter was not a CCNY student. Russell wrote "a typical American witch-hunt was instituted against me."^[42]Kay won the suit, but the board declined to appeal after considering the political pressure exerted.^[43]

Russell took revenge in the preface of the first edition of his bookAn Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, which was published by the Unwin Brothers in the United Kingdom (the preface was not included in the U.S. editions). In a long précis that detailed Russell's accomplishments including medals awarded by Columbia University and the Royal Society and faculty appointments at Oxford, Cambridge, UCLA, Harvard, the Sorbonne, Peking (the name used in that era), the LSE, Chicago, and so forth, Russell added, "Judicially pronounced unworthy to be Professor of Philosophy at the College of the City of New York."

In 1945, theKnickerbocker Casewas set off when William E. Knickerbocker, chairman of theromance languagesdepartment, was accused ofantisemitismby four faculty members. They claimed that "for at least seven years they have been subjected to continual harassment and what looks very much like discrimination" by Knickerbocker.^[44]Four years later, Knickerbocker was again accused of antisemitism, this time for denying honors to high-achieving Jewish students.^[45]About the same time, William C. Davis of the economics department was accused by students of maintaining a racially segregated dormitory at Army Hall.^[45][46]Davis was the dormitory's administrator. CCNY students, many of whom were World War II veterans, launched a massive strike in 1949 in protest against Knickerbocker and Davis.^[11][45]TheNew York Timescalled the event "the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning."^[11]

As student radicalism increased in the late 1960s, with theCivil Rights Movementandanti-Vietnam Warfeelings increased, culminating at CCNY during a 1969 protest takeover of the South campus,^[47]under threat of a riot, African American andPuerto Ricanactivists and their white allies demanded, among other policy changes, that the City College implement an aggressiveaffirmative actionprogram to increase minority enrollment and provide academic support.^[19]At some point, campus protesters began referring to CCNY as "Harlem University." The administration of the City University at first balked at the demands, but instead, came up with anopen admissionsor open-access program under which any graduate of a New York City high school would be able to matriculate either at City College or another college in the CUNY system. Beginning in 1970, the program opened doors to college to many who would not otherwise have been able to attend college. The increased enrollment of students, regardless of college preparedness, however, affected City College's and the university's academic reputation and strained New York City's financial resources.^[19][48]A 2023 documentary film directed byGreta SchillerandAndrea Weiss,The Five Demands, provides historical coverage and interviews with students who led the 1969 protests.^[49]

City College began charging tuition in 1976. By 1999, CUNY's board of trustees voted to eliminate remedial classes at CUNY's senior colleges, thereby eliminating a central pillar of the policy of open admissions and effectively ending it.^[50]Students who could not meet the academic entrance requirements for CUNY's senior colleges had to enroll in the system'scommunity colleges, where they could prepare for an eventual transfer to one of the 4-year institutions. Since this decision, all CUNY senior colleges, especially CCNY, have begun to rise in prestige nationally, as shown by school rankings and incoming freshmanGPAandSATscores. The end of open admissions led to a change in CUNY's student demographics, with the number of Black and Hispanic students decreasing and the number of White Caucasian and Asian students increasing.^[51]

As a result of the 1989 student protests and building takeovers in response to tuition increases, a community action center was opened on the campus, called the Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center, located in the NAC building. The center was named after CUNY alumniAssata Shakur^{[note 1]}andGuillermo Morales,^{[note 2]}both of whomself-exiledinCuba.^[54]Students and neighborhood residents who used the center for community organizing against issues of racism, police brutality, and the privatization and militarization of CUNY faced opposition from the City College administration for years.^[55]After a long controversy, in October 2013, City College eventually shut down the Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center, citing a need for space to expand its career center; this closure provoked student demonstrations.^[56]

CCNY's new Frederick Douglass Debate Society defeatedHarvardandYaleat the "Super Bowl" of theAmerican Parliamentary Debate Associationin 1996. In 2003, the institution'sModel UNTeam was awarded as an Outstanding Delegation at the National Model United Nations (NMUN) Conference, an honor that it would repeat four years in a row.

TheU.S. Postal Serviceissued a postcard commemorating CCNY's 150th anniversary, featuring Shepard Hall, on Charter Day, May 7, 1997.^[57]

TheCity University of New Yorkbegan recruiting students for the University Scholars program in the fall 2000, and admitted the first cohort of undergraduate scholars in the fall 2001. CCNY was one of five CUNY campuses, on which the program was initiated. The newly admitted students became undergraduates in the newly formed Honors Program. Students attending the CCNY Honors College are awarded free tuition, a cultural passport that admits them to New York City cultural institutions for free or at sharply reduced prices, a notebook computer, and an academic expense account that they can apply to such activities as study abroad. These undergraduates are required to attend a number of specially developed honors courses. In 2001 CUNY initiated the CUNY Honors College, renamedMacaulay Honors Collegein 2007.^[58]

In October 2005,Andrew Grove, a 1960 graduate of the Engineering School inChemical Engineering, and co-founder ofIntel Corporation, donated $26 million to the Engineering School, which has since been renamed theGrove School of Engineering.^[59]It is the largest donation ever given to the City College of New York.

In August 2008, the authority to grant doctorates in engineering was transferred from the CUNY Graduate Center to City College Grove School of Engineering.^[60]

In 2009, the School of Architecture moved into the former Y Building,^[61]which was gutted and completely remodeled under the design direction of architectRafael Viñoly. Also in 2009, the school was renamedthe Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecturein honor of the $25 million gift the Spitzers gave to the school.^[62]

On July 1, 2018, the authority to grant doctorates in clinical psychology was transferred from the CUNY Graduate Center to City College.^[63]

In May 2023, CCNY officials announced that the institution will open an immigrant center to assist undocumented students.^[64]

The City College campus was the site of the "CUNY Gaza Solidarity Encampment" in April 2024, and was host to numerous student demonstrators from across the CUNY system for nearly a week before it was raided by campus police and the NYPD.^[65]

1. Horace Webster, 1847–1869
2. Alexander S. Webb, 1869–1902
3. John Huston Finley, 1903–1913
4. Sidney Edward Mezes, 1914–1927
5. Frederick B. Robinson, 1927–1938
   • Nelson P. Mead (acting), 1938–1941^[66]
6. Harry N. Wright, 1941–1952
7. Buell G. Gallagher, 1953–1961, 1962–1969
   • Harry N. Rivlin (acting), 1961–1962
   • Joseph J. Copeland (interim), 1969–1970
8. Robert Marshak, 1970–1979
   • Alice Chandler (interim), 1979–1980
   • Arthur Tiedemann (interim), 1980–1981
9. Bernard W. Harleston, 1981–1992
   • Augusta Souza Kappner (interim), 1992–1993
10. Yolanda T. Moses, 1993–1999
    • Stanford A. Roman Jr. (interim), 1999–2000^[67]
11. Gregory H. Williams, 2001–2009
    • Robert "Buzz" Paaswell(interim), 2009–2010^[68]
12. Lisa S. Coico, 2010–2016
    • Vincent G. Boudreau (interim), 2016–2017
13. Vincent G. Boudreau, 2017–Present^[69]

CCNY'sCollegiate Gothiccampus inManhattanvillewas erected in 1906, replacing adowntown campusbuilt in 1849.^{[70][71][72][73]}This new campus was designed byGeorge Browne Post. According to CCNY's published history, "The Landmark neo-Gothic buildings [...] are superb examples of English Perpendicular Gothic style and are among the first buildings, as an entire campus, to be built in the U.S. in this style. Groundbreaking for the Gothic Quadrangle buildings took place in 1903." There were five original neo-Gothic buildings on the upper Manhattan campus, which opened between 1906 and 1908: Shepard Hall, Baskerville Hall, Compton Hall, Harris Hall, and Wingate Hall.^[74]

Shepard Hall, the largest building and the centerpiece of the campus, was modeled after a Gothic cathedral plan with its main entrance on St. Nicholas Terrace.^[75]It has a large chapel assembly hall called the Great Hall, which has a mural painted byEdwin Blashfieldcalled "The Graduate"^[76][77][78]and another mural in the Lincoln Hallway called "The Great Teachers" painted byAbraham Bogdanovein 1930. The building was named afterEdward M. Shepard.^[79]One ofErnest Skinner's earliest organs was installed in the Great Hall in the early 1900s.^[80]

Baskerville Hall for many years housed the Chemistry Department, was also known as the Chemical Building, and had one of the largest original lecture halls on the campus, Doremus lecture hall.^[81]It currently housesHSMSE, The High School for Mathematics, Science, and Engineering.

Compton Hall was originally designed as the Mechanical Arts Building.^[82]

Harris Hall, named in the original architectural plans as the Sub-Freshman Building, housed City College's preparatory high school,Townsend Harris High School, from 1906 until it moved in 1930 downtown to the School of Business.^[83]

Wingate Hall was named for George Wood Wingate (Class of 1858), an attorney and promoter of physical fitness. It served as the college's main gymnasium between 1907 and 1972.^[84][85][86]

The sixth campus, Goethals Hall,^[87]was completed in 1930. The new building was named forGeorge Washington Goethals, the CCNY civil engineering alumnus who, as mentioned above in the section on the history of the college, went on to become the chief engineer of thePanama Canal. Goethals Hall housed the School of Technology (engineering) and adjoins the Mechanical Arts Building, Compton Hall.

The six neo-Gothic buildings are connected by a tunnel, which closed to public use in 1969.^[88]Six hundredgrotesqueson the original buildings represent the practical and the fine arts.^[89][90]

The North Campus Quadrangle contains four great arches on the main avenues entering and exiting the campus:

• Hudson Gate onAmsterdam Avenue^[91]
• George Washington Gate at 138th Street and Convent Avenue
• Alexander Hamilton Gate at the northern edge of Convent Avenue
• Peter Stuyvesant Gate at St. Nicholas Terrace (only the southern base remaining).

TheNew York Landmarks Preservation Commissionmade the North Campus Quadrangle buildings and the College Gates official landmarks in 1981. The buildings in the Quadrangle were put on the State andNational Register of Historic Placesin 1984.

Steinman Hall, which houses the School of Engineering, was erected in 1962 on the north end of the campus, on the site of the Bowker Library and the Drill Hall to replace the facilities in Compton Hall and Goethals Hall, and was named forDavid Barnard Steinman(CCNY Class of 1906), a well known civil engineer and bridge designer.^[92]

The Administration Building was erected in 1963 on the North Campus across from Wingate Hall. It houses the institution's administration offices, including the President's, Provost's and the Registrar's offices. It was originally intended as a warehouse to store the huge number of records and transcripts of students since 1847.^[93][94]The first floor of the Administration Building was given apostmodernrenovation in 2004. In early 2007, the Administration Building was formally named the Howard E. Wille Administration Building, in honor of Howard E. Wille, class of 1955, a distinguished alumnus and philanthropist.^[95]

The Marshak Science Building was completed in 1971 on the site of the former Jasper Oval, an open space previously used as a football field.^[96][97]The building was named afterRobert Marshak, renowned physicist and president of CCNY (1970–1979). The Marshak building houses all science labs and adjoins the Mahoney Gymnasium and its athletic facilities.^[98]

In the 1970s, construction of the massive North Academic Center (NAC) was initiated. It was completed in 1984, and replacedLewisohn Stadiumand Klapper Hall. The NAC was designed byJohn Carl Warnecke. A student lounge space has murals celebrating the history of the campus on the doors of the undergraduateStudent Government.^[99]

In 1953, CCNY bought the campus of theManhattanville College of the Sacred Heart(which, on a 1913 map, was shown as The Convent of the Sacred Heart), which added a south section to the campus. This expanded the campus to include many of the buildings in the area between 140th Street to 130th Street, from St. Nicholas Terrace in the east toAmsterdam Avenuein the west.

As a result of this expansion, the South Campus of CCNY housed mainly liberal arts classes and departments. The North Campus was mainly dedicated to sciences and engineering and the school of education.

In 1957, a new library building was erected in the middle of the campus, near 135th Street on the South Campus, and named Cohen Library, afterMorris Raphael Cohen, an alumnus and philosopher. It was later renamed the 'Y' building, then gutted.

In the 1970s, many of the old buildings of the South Campus^[100]were demolished, some that had been used by the Academy of the Sacred Heart. The buildings remaining on the South Campus at this time were the Cohen Library (later moved into the North Academic Center), Park Gym (now the Structural Biology Research Center (NYSBC)^[101]), Eisner Hall (built in 1941 by Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart as a library, later remodeled and housed CCNY's Art Department),^[102]the Schiff House (former President's residence, now a child care center), and Mott Hall (formerly the English Department, now a New York City Department of Education primary school^[103]).

Some of the buildings that were demolished at that time were Finley Hall (housed The Finley Student Center, student activities center, originally built in 1888–1890 as Manhattanville Academy's main building, and purchased in 1953 by City College),^[104]Wagner Hall, (which housed various social science and liberal arts departments and classes, originally built as a dormitory for Manhattanville Academy, and was named in honor ofRobert F. Wagner Sr., member of the Class of 1898, who represented New York State for 23 years in the United States Senate),^[105]Stieglitz Hall, and Downer Hall, among others.

Several new buildings were erected on the South Campus, includingAaron Davis Hallin 1981 and the Herman Goldman sports field in 1993. In August 2006, the institution completed the construction of a 600-bed dormitory, called "The Towers."^{[106][107][108]}

The building that formerly housed Cohen Library, the "Y" building, became the new home for the School of Architecture, with the renovation headed by architectRafael Viñoly.^[109]Near the 133rd Street gate, the Herman Goldman sports field was shuttered in 2006 in favor of two new scientific education and research facilities: a four-story structure for students and a six-story building for faculty/graduate research.^[110]

In 2007, two new buildings had been proposed for the South Campus site by theDormitory Authority of the State of New York(DASNY). One was a four-story Science Building, to serve as an adjunct to the Marshak Science Building on the North Campus, and the other was a six-story Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC).^{[111][112][113][114]}Designed byKohn Pedersen Fox Associates, the ASRC—serving visiting scientists and the whole CUNY system—and the Center for Discovery and Innovation occupy the Herman Goldman sports field's site. The buildings are linked by a tunnel. In total, these two buildings have 400,000 square feet (37,000 m²) of laboratories, offices, an auditorium, and meeting rooms.^[115]

City College's original campus, the Free Academy Building, existed from 1849 to 1907. The building was designed byJames Renwick Jr.and was located atLexington Avenueand23rd StreetinGramercy Park. According to some sources, it was the first Gothic Revival college building on the East Coast.^[116]Renwick's building was demolished in 1928, and replaced in 1930 with a 16-story structure that is part of the present-dayBaruch Collegecampus.

In the early 1900s, after most of the Neo-Gothic campus had been built, CCNY President John H. Finley wanted the college to have a stadium to replace the existing inadequate facilities. New York City did not provide the money needed to build a stadium, but donated two city blocks south of the campus which were open park land. In 1912, businessman and philanthropistAdolph Lewisohndonated $75,000 for the stadium's construction and Finley commissioned architectArnold W. Brunnerto design Lewisohn Stadium.^[117]

Lewisohn Stadium was built as a 6,000-seat stadium, with thousands more seats available on the infield during concerts, and was dedicated on May 29, 1915, two years after Finley had left his post at the college. College graduation services were held in Lewisohn for many years, with the last graduation held in 1973 shortly before it was demolished.

A separate library building originally planned in 1912 for the campus was never built. Ground was broken on March 25, 1927, for a free-standing library to be built on St. Nicholas Terrace, between St. Nicholas and 141st Streets. Only one-fifth of the original library plan was constructed at a cost of $850,000, far above the $150,000 alumni had collected to establish a library at the original Amsterdam Avenue and 140th Street site. The Bowker/Alumni Library stood at the present site of the Steinman Engineering building until 1957.^[118]

TheHebrew Orphan Asylumwas erected in 1884 on Amsterdam Avenue between 136th and 138th Streets, and was designed by William H. Hume.^[119]It was already there when City College moved to upper Manhattan. When it closed in the 1940s, the building was used by City College to house members of the U.S. Armed Forces assigned to theArmy Specialized Training Program(ASTP). From 1946 to 1955, it was used as a dormitory, library, and classroom space for the college. It was called "Army Hall" until it was demolished in 1955 and 1956.^[120][121]

In 1946, CCNY purchased a former Episcopal orphanage on 135th Street and Convent Avenue (North campus), and renamed it Klapper Hall, afterPaul Klapper(Class of 1904) Professor and the Dean of School of Education and who was later the first president of Queens College/CUNY (1937–1952). Klapper Hall was red brick in Georgian style and served until 1983 as home of the School of Education.^[122]

The institution is located between West 130th and West 141st Streets in Manhattan, along Convent Avenue and St. Nicholas Terrace, between Amsterdam and St. Nicholas Avenues. The campus is served by the following transportation:

• New York City Subway: the137th Street–City Collegesubway station atBroadway, served by the1train; the145th Streetstation atSaint Nicholas Avenue, served by theA,B,C, andDtrains; and the135th Streetstation at Saint Nicholas Avenue, served by theBandCtrains. The south end of the station is closer to CCNY and is served by the institution's bus service on weekdays.^[123]
• MTA Regional Bus Operations'M3,M4,M5,M11,M100,M101,Bx33routes and campus shuttle buses^[124]

The City College of New York is organized into five schools, plus the Macaulay Honors College. The five schools of the City College of New York are The Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, The Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture, The School of Education, The Grove School of Engineering, and The CUNY School of Medicine. In addition to the five schools, there's the Division of Humanities and Arts, the Division of Science, and the Division of Interdisciplinary Studies at the Center of for Worker Education. The institution offers the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Bachelor of Science in education (B.S. Ed.), Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.), Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) degrees at the undergraduate level, and the Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Science in education (M.S.Ed.), Master of Engineering (M.E.), Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.), Master of Architecture (M.Arch.), Master of Landscape Architecture (M.L.A.), Master of Urban Planning (M.U.P.), Master of Professional Studies (M.P.S.), Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees at the graduate level.

For the fall 2016 entering class of freshman, the averageSATscore was 1260/1600 and the average high schoolGPAwas 90/100%.^[125]

For the 2023–2024 academic year, the City College of New York achieved earned the following national rankings:

• ARWU: 118 - 144^[126]
• Forbes: 167^[127]
• THE/WSJ: 212^[128]
• US News & World: 105^[129]
• Washington Monthly: 185^[130]
• QS: 185^[131]

The City College of New York has had a long and distinguished history in physics. Three of its alumni went on to become Nobel laureates in physics:Robert Hofstadterin 1961,^[132]Arno Penziasin 1978,^[133]andLeon Ledermanin 1988.^[134]Albert Einsteingave the first of his series of United States lectures at the City College of New York in 1921.^[135]Other distinguished alumni and past faculty in the field areMark Zemansky,Clarence Zener,Mitchell Feigenbaum,Myriam SarachikandLeonard Susskind. Current faculty includeRobert Alfano^[136]andMichio Kaku.^[137]

CCNY hosts a research center focusing on nanotechnology, structural biology, photonics, neuroscience and environmental sciences.^[138]

Part of CCNY'sColin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership, theCUNY Dominican Studies Instituteis the nation's only university-based research center devoted to "the history of the Dominican Republic and people of Dominican descent in the United States and across the wider Dominican diaspora."^[139]

Conducts cutting edge research on renewable energy.

The design of the three-faced college seal refers toJanus, the Roman god of beginnings, whose two faces connect the past and the future. The seal was redesigned for the college's Centennial Medal in 1947 by Albert P. d'Andrea (class of 1918).^[140][141]D'Andrea later was a professor of art at CCNY.

In 2003, administrators at the institution decided to create a logo distinct from its seal, with the stylized text "the City College of New York."^[142]

Olympic gold medalistHenry Wittenbergwas co-captain of the CCNY wrestling team in 1939 during his undergraduate studies. After participating in two Olympics, he then taught wrestling at CCNY. In 1977, he was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame.^[143]

CCNY is the only team in men's college basketball history to win both theNational Invitation Tournamentand theNCAA Tournamentin the same year (1950). However, this accomplishment was overshadowed by theCCNY point shaving scandalin which seven CCNY basketball players were arrested in 1951 for taking money from gamblers to affect the outcome of games.

From 1934 until 1941, future NFL Hall of FamerBenny Friedmanwas the football coach at City College.^[144]

In 1938, future four-time OlympianDaniel Bukantzwas the intercollegiate foil champion.^[145]Future OlympianJames Strauchfenced for CCNY, graduating in 1942. In 1948, future OlympianAbram Cohenwas a member of the NCAA Champion CCNY team.^[146]That same year future five-time OlympianAlbert Axelrodwas U.S.Intercollegiate Fencing AssociationandNCAAChampion in foil.^[147]Harold Goldsmith, a future three-time Olympian, won the 1952 NCAA foil championship while at CCNY.^[148][149]

The City College of New York and its resident art collection were founded in 1847. The collection contains roughly one thousand eight hundred works of art ranging from the historical to the contemporary. A portion of the collection was obtained through donations andPercent for Art.^[150]

The collection includes works byEdwin Howland Blashfield,Walter Pach,Charles Alston,Raphael Soyer,Louis Lozowick,Stephen Parrish,Paul Adolphe Rajon,Mariano Fortuny,Marilyn Bridges,Lucien Clergue,Elliott Erwitt,Andreas Feininger,Harold Feinstein,Larry Fink,Sally Gall,Ralph Gibson,Jerome Liebling,Robert Mapplethorpe,Mary Ellen Mark,Joel Meyerowitz,Dorothy NormanandGilles Peress.^[151]Works from the collection include severalKeith Haringprints andEdward Curtis'sThe North American Indian.^{[citation needed]}

There is currently no art museum at City College; thus, much of the collection is not on view. Undergraduate students interact with the collection through classes. There are, however, three locations where student-created or curated artwork can be seen on campus: Compton-Goethals Gallery,^[152]the Cohen Library Archives Gallery,^[153]and Windows on Amsterdam.^[154]The Library Archives Gallery shows artwork from around the world, as well as from the CCNY community, and typically curates an annualWomen Make Artexhibition.^[155]

• Weidlich, Thom. (2000).Appointment Denied: The Inquisition of Bertrand Russell. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. The book covers Russell's failed appointment to the City College faculty.
• The 2023 documentaryThe Five Demandsprovides archival footage and interviews with students who led the 1969 protests at City College.^[49]
• The central character inWoody Allen's short story "The Kugelmass Episode" is a lovesick City College humanities professor.^[156]
• Clay, one of the principal characters in Rumaan Alam's 2020 novelLeave the World Behindis a professor at City College^[157]
• Joseph Dorman, director. (1997).Arguing the World. First a feature documentary film shown at theFilm Forumin New York City, later on PBS.

• Rosenberg/Humphrey Program in Public Policyfellowship
• Timeline of New York City
• 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team
• State University of New York
• Manhattanville College

• Bederson, Benjamin,"The Physical Tourist: Physics and New York City", Phys. perspect. 5 (2003) 87–121 Birkha¨ user Verlag, Basel, 2003. Cf. p. 103–107 &c. regarding CCNY Physics.
• Bender, Thomas.New York Intellect: A History of Intellectual Life in New York City, from 1750 to the Beginnings of Our Own Time. New York: Knopf, 1987.ISBN0-394-55026-9
• Goodman, Matthew.The City Game: Triumph, Scandal, and a Legendary Basketball Team. New York: Ballantine Books.
• Howe, Irving, 1976.World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East European Jews to America and the life They Found and Made. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. See Chapter 7, "The Way They Lived Then."
• Howe, Irving.A Margin of Hope: An Intellectual Autobiography, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.ISBN0-15-157138-4. Cf. Chapter 3, "City College and Beyond", pp. 61–89
• Pearson, Paul David.The City College of New York: 150 years of academic architecture, 1997.
• Roff, Sandra S., et al.From the Free Academy to Cuny: Illustrating Public Higher Education in New York City, 1847–1997, 2000.
• Rudy, Willis.College of the City of New York 1847–1947. The City College Press, 1949. Reprinted in 1977 by the Arno Press.
• Traub, James.City on a Hill: Testing the American Dream at City College, Addison-Wesley: 1994.
• Van Nort, Sydney C.The City College of New York. Arcadia Press, February 2007.ISBN0-7385-4930-4.
• Weidlich, Thom (2000).Appointment Denied: The Inquisition of Bertrand Russell. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. The book tells the story of Russell's appointment to the City College faculty and the appointment's cancellation.

• Official website
• CCNY Athletics website
• PBS documentaryArguing the World(1997).
• Texts on Wikisource:
  • "New York, College of the City of".New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
  • "New York, College of the City of".Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.