Charlottesville, Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia
Independent city
Charlottesville Downtown Mall
Seal
Nicknames: C'ville, Hoo-Ville
Motto: A great place to live for all of our citizens.
Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia Show map of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Show map of the United States
Coordinates:38°1′48″N78°28′44″W / 38.03000°N 78.47889°W /38.03000; -78.47889
Country	United States
State	Virginia
County	None (Independent city)
Founded	1762
Named for	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Government
• Type	Council–manager
• Mayor	Juandiego Wade, (D)
• City manager	Samuel Sanders, Jr.
Area [1]
•Independent city	10.27 sq mi (26.60 km2)
• Land	10.25 sq mi (26.55 km2)
• Water	0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2)
Elevation	594 ft (181 m)
Population ( 2020) [2]
•Independent city	46,553
• Density	4,541.76/sq mi (1,753.41/km2)
•Metro [3]	221,524 (209th)
Demonym	Charlottesvillian
Time zone	UTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes	22901–22908
Area code	434
FIPS code	51-14968[4]
GNISfeature ID	1498463[5]
Major Roadways
Waterways	Rivanna River
Public Transit	Charlottesville Area Transit,University Transit Service, JAUNT
Rail Service	Cardinal,Crescent,Northeast Regional
Airport	Charlottesville-Albemarle
Website	charlottesville.gov

Charlottesville, colloquially known asC'ville,^{[pronunciation?]}is anindependent cityinVirginia, United States. It is theseat of governmentofAlbemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities.^[6]It is named afterQueen Charlotte. At the2020 census, the city's population was 46,553.^[7]TheBureau of Economic Analysiscombines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes, bringing its population to approximately 160,000. Charlottesville is the heart of theCharlottesville metropolitan area, which includes Albemarle,Buckingham,Fluvanna,Greene, andNelsoncounties.

Charlottesville was the home of twoU.S. presidents,Thomas JeffersonandJames Monroe. During their terms asGovernors of Virginia, they lived in Charlottesville and traveled to and fromRichmond, along the 71-mile historicThree Notch'd Road.Orange, located 26 miles (42 km) northeast of the city, was the hometown of PresidentJames Madison. TheUniversity of Virginia, founded by Jefferson, straddles the city's southwestern border. Jefferson's home and primaryplantation,Monticello, located 3 miles (5 km) southeast of the city, is, along with the University of Virginia, aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site, each attracting thousands of tourists from across the country every year.^[8]

At the time of European settlement, part of the area that became Charlottesville was occupied by aMonacanvillage calledMonasukapanough.^[9]

An Act of the Assembly of Albemarle County established Charlottesville in 1762. Thomas Walker was named its first trustee. It was situated along a trade route calledThree Notched Road(present dayU.S. Route 250), which led fromRichmondto theGreat Valley. The town took its name from the British queenCharlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

During theAmerican Revolutionary War, Congress imprisoned theConvention Armyin Charlottesville at theAlbemarle Barracksbetween 1779 and 1781.^[10]The Governor and legislators had to abandon the capitol temporarily and on June 4, 1781,Jack Jouettwarned the Virginia Legislature meeting atMonticelloof a planned raid by ColonelBanastre Tarleton, allowing a narrow escape.

Unlike much of Virginia, Charlottesville was spared the brunt of theAmerican Civil War. The only battle to take place in Charlottesville was theskirmish at Rio Hill, an encounter in whichGeorge Armstrong Custerbriefly engaged localConfederate Home Guardsbefore retreating. A year later, the Charlottesville Factory, founded c. 1820–30, was accidentally burnt during GeneralPhilip Sheridan's 1865 raid through the Shenandoah Valley. However, the mayor had surrendered the city to Generals Custer and Sheridan to keep the town from being burned. The factory had been taken over by the Confederacy and used to manufacture woolen clothing for the soldiers. It caught fire when some coals taken by Union troops to burn the nearby railroad bridge dropped on the floor. The factory was rebuilt immediately and was known as the Woolen Mills until its liquidation in 1962.^[11]

After Reconstruction ended, Charlottesville's African American population suffered underJim Crow lawsthat segregated public places and limited opportunity. Schools were racially segregated and African Americans were not served in many local businesses.^[12]Public parks were planned separately for the white and African American populations: four for whites, and one for African Americans built on the site of a former dump.^[13]TheKu Klux Klanhad chapters in the Charlottesville area beginning at least in the early twentieth century,^[14]and events such aslynchingsandcross burningsoccurred in the Charlottesville area. In 1898, Charlottesville residentJohn Henry Jameswas lynched in the nearby town of Ivy.^[15]In August 1950, three white men were observed burning a cross on Cherry Avenue, a street in a mostlyAfrican-American neighborhoodin Charlottesville.^[16]It was speculated that the cross burning might be a reaction to "a white man [who] had been known to socialize with one of the young Negro women in that vicinity."^[16]In 1956, crosses were burned outside a progressive church.^[17]

In 1947, Charlottesville organized a localNAACPbranch.^[18][19]In 2001, the Charlottesville and Albemarle Branches of the NAACP merged to form the Albemarle-Charlottesville NAACP Branch.^[19]

In the fall of 1958, Charlottesville closed its segregated white schools as part of Virginia's strategy ofmassive resistanceto federal court orders requiring integration as part of the implementation of theSupreme Court of the United StatesdecisionBrown v. Board of Education. The closures were required by a new series of state laws collectively known as theStanley Plan, which prohibited and denied funding to integrated public schools. Segregated schools remained open, however.^{[20][page needed]}The first African-American member of the Charlottesville School Board was Raymond Bell in 1963.^[21]

In 1963, later than many Southern cities, civil rights activists in Charlottesville began protesting segregated restaurants withsit-ins, such as one that occurred at Buddy's Restaurant near the University of Virginia.^[22]

In 1965, the city government razed the downtown African American neighborhoodVinegar Hillas anurban renewalproject, after the city council passed a law stating that "unsanitary and unsafe" properties could be taken over by ahousing authority.^[23]Vinegar Hill had served the needs of the black community while the city remainedsegregated.^[24]One hundred thirty homes, five Black-owned businesses, and a church were destroyed.^[25]Many displaced community members moved into the Westhaven public housing project. The land was not redeveloped until the late 1970s.

Despite razing this small area comprising about 20 acres abutting West Main Street in the city's commercial downtown area, Charlottesville maintained its vibrant black community spanning the much larger and still extant Ridge Street and Fifeville neighborhoods to the south, and the Tenth & Page and Rose Hill neighborhoods to the north. Neighborhood civic associations, social clubs, and church groups sponsored activities for its residents.^[26]The Blue Mints Social Club met at the home of Mrs. Reva Shelton on December 1, 1974. At this meeting, the group planned their annual "Baskets of Cheer", and hosted a Cabaret Dance on New Year's Eve at Carver Recreation Center, with the Randolph Brothers performing.^[27]In 1974, other social clubs listed are the Bethune Art and Literary Club, The Lucky Twenty Club, and the Les Amies Club.^[28][29][30]

Starting in the 2010s Charlottesville received national attention because of local conflict between those who did and those who did not want Confederate symbols removed.The Washington Posthas reported that "Nowhere has this clash been more fraught than in Charlottesville, where parks have been renamed, then renamed again, streets have been re-christened, and stickers bearing white supremacist slogans go up as quickly as activists can remove them."^[31]

City attempts to remove statues ofRobert E. LeeandStonewall Jacksonfrom downtown parks have been the subject of extensive, unresolved litigation. In August 2017,white supremacistgroups opposed to their removal organized the "Unite the Right rally" to protest against the removal of theRobert E. Leestatue from then Lee Park, subsequently renamedEmancipation Park.^[32]After the rally, awhite nationalist drove a car into protesters, resulting in the death of counter-protesterHeather Heyerand causing injuries to 19 other counter-protesters.^[33]The incident became national news and Charlottesville became a symbol of political turbulence nationwide.^[34]The city succeeded in the removal of the Lee and Jackson statues on July 10, 2021,^[35]in addition to a statue ofMeriwether Lewis,William ClarkandSacagaweaof theLewis and Clark Expedition.^[36]

Christ Episcopal Church was Charlottesville's first church. It was begun in 1820 by builders on loan from Thomas Jefferson, and the congregation's current home was completed in the early 1900s.^[37]

The first black church in Charlottesville, the First Baptist Church of Charlottesville, was established in 1864. Previously, it was illegal for African Americans to have their own churches, although they were allowed to worship in designated areas in white churches, if the white church members allowed it. Its first black pastor (previously, it was required by law that all churches have white pastors), wasWilliam D. Gibbons. The date he became pastor is not known with certainty, but was about 1868. A current predominantly African-American church can trace its lineage to that first church.^[38]

Congregation Beth Israel's1882 building is theoldest synagogue buildingstill standing in Virginia.^[39]

In 1974, some of the Baptist churches in Charlottesville included the Union Run Baptist Church, the South Garden Baptist Church, and the Ebenezer Baptist Church.^[40]

The firstCatholicchurch in Charlottesville was the Church of the Paraclete, built in 1880 and erected as a parish in 1896. In 1906 the church building was renovated and the parish was renamed to Holy Comforter. A second parish was erected for the growing Catholic population in 1976 called the Church of the Incarnation.^[41]In 1967 aDominican-run parish for Catholic students at the University of Virginia was dedicated (replacing aNewman Centerbegun in 1943), and named St. Thomas Aquinas University Parish.^[42]The first Mass of record in Charlottesville was celebrated in the parlor of F. M. Paoli's residence, presumably on Random Row, now West Main Street. Services were held for about 12 years after that in the Town Hall. The presiders were priests who came from St. Francis Assisi Church in Staunton and then traveled on to other missions in the area.^[43]

According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.3 square miles (27 km²), virtually all of which is land.^[44]Charlottesville is located in central Virginia along theRivanna River—a tributary of theJames—just west of the Southwest Mountains, a range which parallels theBlue Ridgeabout 20 miles (32 km) to the west. Charlottesville is 99 miles (159 km) fromWashington, D.C., and 72 miles (116 km) fromRichmond. Charlottesville exists on rolling hills between theUniversity of Virginiato its west andRivanna Riverto its east.

Charlottesville has a four-seasonhumid subtropical climate(KöppenCfa), with all months being well-watered, though the period from May to September is the wettest. Winters are somewhat cool, with a January average of 36.2 °F (2.3 °C), though lows can fall into the teens (< −7 °C) on some nights and highs frequently (11 days in January) reach 50 °F (10 °C).^[45][46]Spring and autumn provide transitions of reasonable length. Summers are hot and humid, with July averaging 77.6 °F (25.3 °C) and the high exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 34.4 or more days per year.^[45][46]Snowfall is highly variable from year to year but is normally moderate, averaging 17.0 inches (43 cm).^[45][46]What does fall does not remain on the ground for long. Extremes have ranged from −10 °F (−23 °C) on January 19, 1994, up to 107 °F (42 °C), most recently on September 7, 1954.^[45]

Notes:

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1870	2,838		—
1880	2,676		−5.7%
1890	5,591		108.9%
1900	6,449		15.3%
1910	6,765		4.9%
1920	10,688		58.0%
1930	15,245		42.6%
1940	19,400		27.3%
1950	25,969		33.9%
1960	29,427		13.3%
1970	38,880		32.1%
1980	39,916		2.7%
1990	40,341		1.1%
2000	40,099		−0.6%
2010	43,475		8.4%
2020	46,553		7.1%
2021 (est.)	45,672		−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[50] 1790–1960[51]1900–1990[52] 1990–2000[53]2010–2015[54]2020[55]

Charlottesville city, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000[56]	Pop 2010[57]	Pop 2020[55]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
Whitealone (NH)	30,825	28,827	29,609	68.43%	66.31%	63.60%
Black or African Americanalone (NH)	9,916	8,344	7,030	22.01%	19.19%	15.10%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH)	42	65	66	0.09%	0.15%	0.14%
Asianalone (NH)	2,215	2,758	4,064	4.92%	6.34%	8.73%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH)	13	13	18	0.03%	0.03%	0.04%
Some Other Racealone (NH)	89	89	218	0.20%	0.20%	0.47%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial(NH)	847	1,156	2,341	1.88%	2.66%	5.03%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)	1,102	2,223	3,207	2.45%	5.11%	6.89%
Total	45,049	43,475	46,553	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of thecensus^[58]of 2010, there were 43,475 people, 17,778 households, and 7,518 families residing in the city. Thepopulation densitywas 4,220.8 people per square mile (1,629.7 people/km²). There were 19,189 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 69.1%White, 19.4%Black American, 0.3%Native American, 6.4%Asian, 1.8% fromother races, and 3.0% from two or more races. 5.1% of the population wereHispanics or Latinosof any race.

There were 17,778 households, out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.1% weremarried couplesliving together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 57.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.91.

The age distribution was 14.9% under the age of 18, 24.3% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.8 years. The population was 52.3% female and 47.7% male. The city's low median age and the "bulge" in the 18-to-24 age group are both due to the presence of theUniversity of Virginia.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,535, and the median income for a family was $63,934. Theper capita incomefor the city was $26,049. About 10.5% of families and 27.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

20% of Charlottesville residents have a graduate or professional degree, compared with 10% in the United States as a whole.^[59]

Federally, Charlottesville is part ofVirginia's 5th congressional district, represented by RepublicanBob Good, elected in 2020.^[60]

The city of Charlottesville has an overallcrime ratehigher than the national average, which tends^[61]to be a typical pattern for urban areas of theSouthern United States.^[62][63]

The totalcrime indexfor Charlottesville was 487.9crimescommitted per 100,000 citizens for the year of 2006; the national average for the United States was 320.9 crimes committed per 100,000 citizens. For the year of 2006, Charlottesville ranked higher on allviolent crimesexcept forrobbery; the city ranked lower in all categories ofproperty crimesexcept forlarcenytheft.^[64]In 2013 there were a total of 371 crimes reported; of these 38 wereviolent crimesand 333 wereproperty crimes.^[65]A downward trend in the number of reported crimes within Charlottesville occurred from 2009 up to 2013.^[66]

Charlottesville is the home of theNational Radio Astronomy Observatoryheadquarters, theLeander McCormick Observatoryand theCFA Institute. It is served by two area hospitals, theMartha Jefferson Hospitalfounded in 1903, and theUniversity of Virginia Hospital. TheNational Ground Intelligence Center(NGIC) is in the Charlottesville area. Other large employers includeCrutchfield,Emerson Automation Solutions,PepsiCoandSNL Financial.

18% of people employed in Charlottesville live there, while 82% commute into the city. 42% of those commuting to Charlottesville live inAlbemarle County. Additionally, 11,497 people commute from Charlottesville outside of the city for employment. 51% of those commuting from Charlottesville work in Albemarle County. In 2016, Charlottesville had a 3.3% unemployment rate.^[59]

According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report^[67]the largest employers in the city are as follows:

#	Employer	# of employees
1	University of Virginia Medical Center	1,000+
2	City of Charlottesville	1,000+
3	UVA Health Services Foundation	1,000+
4	Charlottesville City School Board	500–999
5	Servicelink Management Com Inc	500–999
6	Aramark Campus LLC	500–999
7	WorldStrides (Lakeland Tours)	500–999
8	Association for Investment Management	250-499
9	RMC Events	250-499
10	Crutchfield Corporation	250–499

As of 2016, 11,129 people work for the government, with 376 working for the federal government, 7,796 working for the state government, and 2,957 working for the local government.^[59]

Charlottesville has a large series of attractions and venues for its relatively small size. Visitors come to the area for wine and beer tours, ballooning, hiking, and world-class entertainment that perform at one of the area's four larger venues. The city is both the launching pad and home of theDave Matthews Bandas well as the center of a sizable indie music scene.^[68]Charlottesville hosts multiple orchestral groups including the Blue Ridge Chamber Orchestra,^[69]Youth Orchestras of Central Virginia,^[70]and the Charlottesville Symphony at the University of Virginia.^[71]

The Charlottesville area was the home ofThomas Jefferson,James Madison, andJames Monroe.Monticello, Jefferson's plantation manor, is located just a few miles from downtown. The home ofJames Monroe,Ash Lawn-Highland, is down the road fromMonticello. About 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlottesville lies the home of James andDolley Madison,Montpelier. During the summer, the Ash Lawn-Highland Opera Festival is held at the downtown Paramount Theater with a performance at Ash Lawn-Highland.

The nearbyShenandoah National Parkoffers recreational activities, scenic mountains and hiking trails.Skyline Driveis a scenic drive that runs the length of the park, alternately winding through thick forest and emerging upon sweeping scenic overlooks. TheBlue Ridge Parkway, a similar scenic drive that extends 469 miles (755 km) south toGreat Smoky Mountains National ParkinNorth Carolina, terminates at the southern entrance of Shenandoah, where it turns into Skyline Drive. This junction of the two scenic drives is only 22 miles (35 km) west of downtown Charlottesville.

Charlottesville'sdowntownis a center of business forAlbemarle County. It is home to theDowntown Mall, one of the longest outdoor pedestrian malls in the nation, with stores, restaurants, theaters and civic attractions. The renovatedParamount Theaterhosts various events, including Broadway shows and concerts. Local theatrics downtown includes Charlottesville's community theater Live Arts. Outside downtown are the New Lyric Theatre and Heritage Repertory Theatre at UVa. Other attractions on the Downtown Mall are theVirginia Discovery Museumand a 3,500 seat outdoor amphitheater, the Ting Pavilion (formerly the Sprint Pavilion and the nTelos Wireless Pavilion). Court Square, just a few blocks from the Downtown Mall, is the original center of Charlottesville and several of the historic buildings there date back to the city's founding in 1762.

Charlottesville also is home to theUniversity of Virginia(most of which is legally in Albemarle County^[72]). During the academic year, over 20,000 students enter Charlottesville to attend the university. Its main grounds are located on the west side of Charlottesville, withThomas Jefferson's Academical Village, known asthe Lawn, as the centerpiece. The Lawn is a long esplanade crowned by two prominent structures,The Rotunda(designed by Jefferson) and Old Cabell Hall (designed byStanford White). Along the Lawn and the parallelRangeare dormitory rooms reserved for distinguished students. The University Programs Council is a student-run body that programs concerts, comedy shows, speakers, and other events open to the students and the community, such as the annual "Lighting of the Lawn".^[73][74]One block from The Rotunda, the University of Virginia Art Museum exhibits work drawn from its collection of more than 10,000 objects and special temporary exhibitions from sources nationwide. It is also home to theJudge Advocate General's Legal Center and Schoolwhere all U.S. Army military lawyers, known as "JAGs", take courses specific to military law.

The Corneris thecommercial districtabutting the main grounds of the University of Virginia along University Avenue. This area is full of college bars, eateries, and University merchandise stores, and is busy with student activity during the school year. Pedestrian traffic peaks during the university's home football games and graduation ceremonies. Much of the university'sGreek lifeis on the nearbyRugby Road, contributing to the nightlife and local bar scene. West Main Street, running from the Corner to theDowntown Mall, is a commercial district of restaurants, bars, and other businesses.^[75]

Charlottesville is host to the annualVirginia Film Festivalin October, the Charlottesville Festival of the Photograph in June, and the Virginia Festival of the Book in March. In addition, theFoxfield Racesaresteeplechaseraces held in April and September of each year. AFourth of Julycelebration, including aNaturalizationCeremony, is held annually at Monticello, and aFirst Nightcelebration has been held on the Downtown Mall since 1982.

Charlottesville has no professional sports teams, but is home to theUniversity of Virginia's athletic teams, theCavaliers, most notably the 2019 NCAA Men's National Basketball Champions.^[76]The Cavaliers have a wide fan base throughout the region and state. The Cavaliers field teams in sports from soccer to basketball, and have modern facilities that draw spectators throughout the year. Cavalierfootballseason draws the largest crowds during the academic year, with football games played inScott Stadium. The stadium hosted large musical events, including concerts by theDave Matthews Band,The Rolling StonesandU2.

John Paul Jones Arena, which opened in 2006, is the home arena of the Cavalierbasketballteams, in addition to serving as a site for concerts and other entertainment events. The arena seats 14,593 for basketball. In its first season in the new arena concluded in March 2007, the Virginia men's basketball team tied withUNCfor 1st in the ACC. Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball won the ACC outright in the 2013–14 season, as well as the2014 ACC tournament. The team finished the season ranked #3 in the AP poll before losing toTom Izzo'sSpartansby two points in the Sweet Sixteen held in Brooklyn, New York. The Cavaliers' men's basketball team won the NCAA championship on April 8, 2019.

Lacrossehas become a significant part of the Charlottesville sports scene. The Virginia Men's team won their firstNCAA Championshipin 1972; in 2006, they won their fourth national championship and were the first team to finish undefeated in 17 games (then a record for wins). The team won its seventh National Championship in 2021. Virginia's Women's team has threeNCAA Championshipsto its credit, with wins in 1991, 1993, and 2004. The team most recently lost in2023 semi finalsto Notre Dame by a score of 13–12 in overtime on May 27, 2023. The soccer program is also strong; the Men's team shared a national title with Santa Clara in 1989 and won an unprecedented four consecutive NCAA Division I Championships (1991–1994). Their coach during that period wasBruce Arena, who later won two MLS titles at D.C. United and coached the U.S. National Team during the 2002 and 2006 World Cups. The Virginia Men's soccer team won the NCAA Championship again in both2009and2014under coachGeorge Gelnovatch. Virginia'sbaseballteam, has enjoyed a resurgence in recent years, under Head Coach Brian O'Connor, after hosting several regionals and Super Regionals in the post-season, and playing in the 2009, 2011, and2014 College World Series. They finished as runners-up in the 2014 edition, despite outscoringVanderbilt17–12 in the three-game series. The team then avenged this loss the following year, beating Vanderbilt in 2015 for its first NCAA baseball title.

Charlottesville area high school sports have been prominent throughout the state. Charlottesville is a hotbed for lacrosse in the country, with teams such asSt. Anne's-Belfield School,The Covenant School,Tandem Friends School, Charlottesville Catholic School,Charlottesville High School,Western Albemarle High SchoolandAlbemarle High School. Charlottesville High School won theVHSLGroup AA boys' soccer championship in 2004. St. Anne's-Belfield School won its fourth state private-school championship in ten years in football in 2006. The Covenant School won the state private-school title in boys' cross country in the 2007–2008 school year, the second win in as many years, and that year the girls' cross country team won the state title.Monticello High Schoolwon the VHSL Group AA state football title in 2007. Charlottesville High School's boys' soccer team were state champs again in 2019, when it won the VHSL Class 4A Championship.

Charlottesville is also home to theCharlottesville Tom Soxof theValley Baseball Leaguewho won the 2017 & 2019 league championships. Their home stadium is Crutchfield Park at Charlottesville High School. Charlottesville is also home to theCharlottesville Alliance FC, a soccer team who compete in the NPSL.

Voters elect a five-member council to serve as the legislative and governing body. Elected through at-large districts, the members serve four-year terms. Every two years, they select a councilor to serve as mayor. The mayor presides over meetings, calls special meetings, makes some appointments to advisory boards, and serves as the ceremonial head of government. Charlottesville city is overwhelmingly Democratic.

The City Council appoints the City Manager, the Director of Finance, the City Assessor, the Clerk of the council, and members of major policy-making Boards and Commissions. The City Manager serves as the Chief Administrative Officer for the city.^[77]

According to theofficial pagethe current city council are:

Member	Party	First Term Began
Juandiego Wade,Mayor	Democratic	2022(Mayor since 2024)
Brian Pinkston,Vice-Mayor	Democratic	2022(Vice-Mayor since 2024)
Michael Payne	Democratic	2020
Lloyd Snook	Democratic	2020
Natalie Oschrin	Democratic	2024

Charlottesville is one of the few Democratic bastions in heavily Republican central Virginia. It has swung particularly hard to the Democrats since the 1990s, in tandem with the growing Democratic trend in areas dominated by college towns.

Gubernatorial elections results ^[78]

Year	Democratic	Republican
1993	54.0%5,660	45.3%4,748
1997	60.2%5,352	37.7%3,354
2001	72.9%6,781	24.9%2,316
2005	79.4%8,018	18.5%1,870
2009	73.6%7,406	26.2%2,636
2013	75.6%9,440	15.4%1,922
2017	84.8%13,943	14.1%2,315
2021	82.9%14,378	16.0%2,774

Senatorial election results ^[78]

Year	Democratic	Republican
2000	69.5%9,177	30.4%4,012
2002		64.3%4,701
2006	77.3%9,159	21.7%2,575
2008	83.7%16,470	14.9%2,923
2012	78.4%16,800	21.4%4,589
2014	76.9%8,241	19.2%2,054
2018	86.1%17,641	11.5%2,346
2020	85.8%20,672	14.1%3,409

United States presidential election results for Charlottesville, Virginia ^[79]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	3,094	12.78%	20,696	85.50%	415	1.71%
2016	2,960	13.17%	17,901	79.68%	1,606	7.15%
2012	4,844	22.22%	16,510	75.74%	443	2.03%
2008	4,078	20.35%	15,705	78.35%	261	1.30%
2004	4,172	27.00%	11,088	71.77%	190	1.23%
2000	4,034	30.51%	7,762	58.70%	1,428	10.80%
1996	4,091	31.99%	7,916	61.90%	782	6.11%
1992	4,705	31.58%	8,685	58.29%	1,509	10.13%
1988	5,817	42.61%	7,671	56.19%	164	1.20%
1984	6,947	48.56%	7,317	51.15%	42	0.29%
1980	5,907	40.56%	6,866	47.15%	1,789	12.29%
1976	6,673	48.11%	6,846	49.36%	350	2.52%
1972	7,935	59.42%	5,240	39.24%	178	1.33%
1968	5,601	49.41%	3,831	33.80%	1,903	16.79%
1964	4,415	45.50%	5,205	53.64%	84	0.87%
1960	3,651	55.08%	2,894	43.66%	83	1.25%
1956	3,746	62.19%	1,783	29.60%	494	8.20%
1952	3,292	60.14%	2,174	39.72%	8	0.15%
1948	1,419	42.14%	1,527	45.35%	421	12.50%
1944	1,055	32.41%	2,188	67.22%	12	0.37%
1940	743	29.54%	1,759	69.94%	13	0.52%
1936	335	19.23%	1,393	79.97%	14	0.80%
1932	409	24.00%	1,287	75.53%	8	0.47%
1928	708	41.65%	992	58.35%	0	0.00%
1924	218	18.79%	831	71.64%	111	9.57%
1920	351	24.95%	1,041	73.99%	15	1.07%
1916	117	15.83%	618	83.63%	4	0.54%
1912	39	7.47%	454	86.97%	29	5.56%
1908	82	15.83%	428	82.63%	8	1.54%
1904	71	15.17%	391	83.55%	6	1.28%
1900	361	32.67%	731	66.15%	13	1.18%
1896	371	31.18%	801	67.31%	18	1.51%
1892	296	24.77%	889	74.39%	10	0.84%
1888	407	37.37%	674	61.89%	8	0.73%

TheUniversity of Virginia, one of the originalPublic Ivies, is located in the City of Charlottesville and the County of Albemarle.

Piedmont Virginia Community Collegemaintains several locations in Charlottesville.

Charlottesville is served by theCharlottesville City Public Schools. The school system operates six elementary schools, Walker Upper Elementary School,Buford Middle SchoolandCharlottesville High School. It operatedLane High Schooljointly with Albemarle County from 1940 to 1974, when it was replaced by Charlottesville High School.Jackson P. Burley High School, a segregated school for African American students, was in operation from 1951 to 1967 and served students from both the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Burley High School was purchased by Albemarle County soon after it closed,^[80]and reopened in 1974 as Jackson P. Burley Middle School.^[81]

Albemarle County Public Schools, which serves surroundingAlbemarle County, has its headquarters in Charlottesville.^[82]

Charlottesville also has the following private schools, some attended by students from Albemarle County and surrounding areas:

• Charlottesville Waldorf School
• The Covenant School(Lower campus)
• Regents School of Charlottesville
• Renaissance School
• The International School of Charlottesville
• St. Anne's-Belfield School(Greenway Rise campus)
• Village School
• The Virginia Institute of Autism
• Peabody School

City children also attend several privateschools in the surrounding county. Those with Charlottesville postal addresses include:

• Charlottesville Catholic School
• The Covenant School(Hickory campus)
• Tandem Friends School

Jefferson-Madison Regional Libraryis the regional library system that provides services to the citizens of Charlottesville.

Charlottesville has a main daily newspaper,The Daily Progress. Weekly publications includeC-Ville Weekly,which also publishes quarterly, bi-annual, and yearly glossies such asAbode(home, garden, architecture),Knife & Fork(food, drink, restaurants),Unbound,(outdoor sports and recreation, environmental issues),Best of C-VILLE(readers' favorite restaurants, bars, shops, etc.),CBIZ(local business), andWeddings.Other magazines published locally includeBlue Ridge Outdoors,Charlottesville Family LivingandAlbemarle Magazine. A daily newspaper,The Cavalier Daily, is published by an independent student group at UVa. Additionally, the alternative newsmagazine of UVa,The Declaration, is printed every other week with new online content every week. The monthly newspaperEchocoversholistic healthand related topics.Charlottesville Tomorrow, an online nonprofit news organization, covers land use, transportation, business and education. Other lifestyle publications includeThe Charlottesville Welcome Book, CharlottesvilleFamily'sBloom! Magazine,Wine & Country LifeandWine & Country Weddings.

Charlottesville is served by major television networks through stationsWVIR/WVIR-CD29 (NBC/CW on DT2),WHTJ41 (PBS),WCAV19 (CBS/FOX), andWVAW-LD16 (ABC). News-talk radio in Charlottesville can be heard onWINA1070 andWCHV1260. Sports radio can be heard onWVAX1450. Country can be heard onWKAV1400.National Public Radiostations includeWMRA103.5 FM andWVTF89.7 FM. Commercial FM stations includeWQMZLite Rock Z95.1 (AC),WWWV(3WV) (classic rock) 97.5,WCYK(country) 99.7,WHTE(CHR) 101.9, WZGN (Generations) 102.3,WCNR(The Corner) 106.1 andWCHV-FM107.5. Charlottesville community broadcasters includeWNRN-FM91.9 andWTJU91.1 (owned by the University of Virginia) radio and CPA-TV and Charlottesville's Own TV10 television stations.

The city hosts theCharlottesville Open Data Portalfor sharing municipal data as well as community information which local businesses and nonprofit organizations provide.

The most significant highways passing through Charlottesville areInterstate 64andU.S. Route 29. I-64 heads east toInterstate 95inRichmondand west toInterstate 81inStaunton. US 29 heads southwest towardsLynchburgand northeast toWashington, D.C.Other highways serving Charlottesville includeU.S. Route 250andVirginia State Route 20. US 29 and US 250 are served locally by bypasses around downtown, with business routes passing directly through downtown.

Charlottesville is served byCharlottesville-Albemarle Airport, theCharlottesville Amtrak Station, and aGreyhound Linesintercity bus terminal. Direct bus service toNew York Cityis also provided by theStarlight Express.Charlottesville Area Transitprovides area bus service, augmented by JAUNT, a regionalparatransitvan service.University Transit Serviceprovides mass transit for students and residents in the vicinity of the University of Virginia and Charlottesville area.

Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to Charlottesville with three routes: TheCardinal(service between Chicago and New York City via central Virginia and Washington, D.C.), selectNortheast Regionaltrains (service between Boston and Roanoke) and theCrescent(service between New York City and New Orleans). TheCardinaloperates three times a week, while theCrescentandNortheast Regionalboth run daily in both directions, but have different operating schedules on the weekdays and weekends.

Charlottesville was once a major rail hub, served by both theChesapeake and Ohio Railway(C&O) and theSouthern Railway. The first train service to Charlottesville began in the early 1850s by the Louisa Railroad Company, which became theVirginia Central Railroadbefore becoming the C&O. The Southern Railway started service to Charlottesville around the mid-1860s with a north–south route crossing the C&O east-west tracks. The new depot that sprang up at the crossing of the two tracks was called Union Station. In addition to the new rail line, Southern located a major repair shop that produced competition between the two rail companies and bolstered the local economy. The Queen Charlotte Hotel went up on West Main street along with restaurants for the many new railroad workers.

The former C&O station on East Water Street was turned into offices in the mid-1990s.Charlottesville Union Station, still a functional depot for Amtrak, is located on West Main street between 7th and 9th streets where the tracks of the former C&O Railway (leased by C&O successorCSXtoBuckingham Branch Railroad) and Southern (nowNorfolk Southern Railway) lines cross. Amtrak and the city of Charlottesville finished refurbishing the station just after 2000, upgrading the depot and adding a full-service restaurant. The Amtrak Crescent and northeast regional travels on Norfolk Southern's dual north–south tracks. The Amtrak Cardinal runs on the Buckingham Branch east-west single track, which followsU.S. Route 250fromStauntonto a point east of Charlottesville near Cismont. The eastbound Cardinal joins the northbound Norfolk Southern line atOrange, on its way to Washington, D.C.

Charlottesville also had an electric streetcar line, theCharlottesville and Albemarle Railway(C&A), that operated during the early twentieth century. Streetcar lines existed in Charlottesville since the late 1880s under various names until organized as the C&A in 1903. The C&A operated streetcars until 1935, when the line shut down due to rising costs and decreased ridership.

There are proposals to extendVirginia Railway Express, thecommuter railline connectingNorthern VirginiatoWashington, D.C., to Charlottesville.^[83]Also, theTransdominion Expresssteering committee has suggested making Charlottesville a stop on the proposed statewide passenger rail line.^[84]

Since the city's early formation, it has been home to numerous notable individuals, from historic figuresThomas JeffersonandJames Monroe, to literary giantsEdgar Allan PoeandWilliam Faulkner, to NFL playerRalph Horween.

Charlottesville's Albemarle County is or has been the home of movie starsRob Lowe,Sissy Spacek,Jessica LangeandSam Shepard, novelistJohn Grisham,Raymond Austin, television director, writer and novelist, the poetRita Dove, theDave Matthews Band, and the pop bandParachute, as well as multi-billionairesJohn KlugeandEdgar Bronfman Sr.

Between 1968 and 1984, Charlottesville was also the home ofAnna Anderson, best known for her false claims to beGrand Duchess Anastasiaand lone survivor of the 1918 massacre ofNicholas II's royal family.

The city was also home of the Tibetan lamaTenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, but he and his family have since moved to California. His Ligmincha Institute headquarters, Serenity Ridge, is in nearbyShipman, Virginia.^[85]

Charlottesville has foursister cities:^[86]

• Besançon,Doubs, France
• Pleven, Bulgaria
• Poggio a Caiano,Tuscany, Italy
• Winneba, Ghana^[87]

• Mayors of Charlottesville, Virginia
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Charlottesville, Virginia
• People from Charlottesville, Virginia
• Topics related to Charlottesville, Virginia

• Official website
• Charlottesville During the Civil War inEncyclopedia Virginia
• Charlottesville, A Brief Urban History
• Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society Online Exhibits

38°01′48″N78°28′44″W / 38.02990°N 78.4790°W /38.02990; -78.4790