工作内容
个人理财顾问(Personal financial advisors)为顾客提供理财咨询,包括投资、税务、保险等多种内容。个人理财顾问还包括专为十分富有的人单人服务的私人银行或私人财富管理者。*(6)
工作职责:
- 会见客户,了解客户的需求;
- 解释金融项目及服务;
- 指导及告知客户相关的收益和潜在风险;
- 为客户提供或建议相关的投资项目;
- 为客户制定相关的理财计划,如教育回报及养老计划等;
- 监视客户账户,根据实际情况作出适当反应,如改变投资项目、撤出股票,甚至结婚、养小孩等;
- 寻找及分析投资机会。
个人理财顾问主要就职于保险公司、金融、股票、银行及投资公司,主要工作地点是办公室,但也经常需要外出拜访客户。*(7)
入行门槛
个人理财顾问一般需具备本科以上学历,与股票、债券、保险或投资相关的理财咨询还必需有相关的注册资格。个人理财顾问对专业的背景要求并不严格,一般金融、经济学、会计及其它商科专业,以及数学、法学专业的毕业生都可以很好地胜任个人理财顾问的角色。
资格及证书
美国与个人理财顾问相关的注册资格相关的协会有:
- 美国证券和交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission),获得该委员会的注册资格,可以进入大型投资或股票公司工作;
- 北美证券管理者协会(North American Securities Administrators Association),获得该协会的注册资格可以进入小型投资公司工作,或自雇进行相关的投资理财咨询。
美国与个人理财顾问相关的正式注册理财顾问(Certified Financial Planner,CFP)证书,由国际注册理财规划师标准理事会(The Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards)颁发,CFP证书是国际通用的,获得该证书将极大的提高理财顾问的职业竞争力。
- CFP证书的获得条件
- 学士以上学历
- 3年以上相关工作经验
- 通过该证书考试,考试内容包括财务规划过程、保险与风险管理、员工福利规划、税收和退休规划、投资和房地产规划、债务管理、赔偿计划、应急资金储备、以及统计建模等
- 同意向理事会提供个人道德档案 *(5)
品质与技能
个人理财顾问的重要品质与技能:
- 分析能力(Analytical skills)
- 人际交往能力(Interpersonal skills)
- 数学能力(Math skills)
- 销售技巧(Selling skills)
- 表达能力(Speaking skills
就业展望与薪资
个人理财顾问普遍属于薪水非常高的职业,而且工资的增长速度非常块,以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局2015年5月公布的数据,美国个人理财顾问平均年薪$118,050,与商业与金融行业的平均水准相当。而按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,商业与金融行业平均年薪为$60,670,个人理财顾问当年的平均年薪也仅$64,750,但两年后该职业的平均薪水便已突破9万美元,净增约2.5万美元,该增长速度远超各行压得平均水平。*(2) *(8)
就美国来说,个人理财顾问未来职业岗位的增长速度非常快。按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)个人理财顾问的岗位数预计增加73,900人,预计增幅30%,达到323,200人。该职业增长预期远高于美国全行业平均预期增幅(7%),以及全体商业与金融行业预期增幅(10%)。*(3)
美国个人理财顾问从业行业及薪水列表:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
其它相关服务 |
Other Financial Investment Activities |
60,480 |
16.99 |
$53.30 |
$110,860 |
证券、商品合约中介与经纪 |
Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage |
42,830 |
9.45 |
$46.50 |
$96,720 |
信贷托管 |
Depository Credit Intermediation |
36,440 |
2.11 |
$31.16 |
$64,810 |
非信贷托管 |
Nondepository Credit Intermediation |
7,160 |
1.27 |
$28.43 |
$59,130 |
公司与企业管理 |
Managementof Companies and Enterprises |
4,800 |
0.24 |
$36.66 |
$76,260 |
*(2)
注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 26,680 | 2.97 | 2.07 | $71.37 | $148,450 |
California | 22,620 | 1.46 | 1.02 | $62.75 | $130,510 |
Texas | 13,460 | 1.16 | 0.81 | $51.57 | $107,260.00 |
Illinois | 12,460 | 2.13 | 1.49 | $52.11 | $108,380 |
Florida | 11,470 | 1.45 | 1.01 | $57.38 | $119,350.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York | 26,680 | 2.97 | 2.07 | $71.37 | $148,450 |
Connecticut | 4,490 | 2.7 | 1.89 | $62.87 | $130,780 |
Illinois | 12,460 | 2.13 | 1.49 | $52.11 | $108,380.00 |
Maryland | 4,750 | 1.83 | 1.28 | $49.11 | $102,140 |
New Jersey | 6,360 | 1.63 | 1.14 | $58.79 | $122,290.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 24,050 | 3.71 | 2.59 | $72.56 | $150,930 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 10,230 | 2.87 | 2 | $53.09 | $110,420.00 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 6,200 | 1.51 | 1.05 | $61.01 | $126,910 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 4,580 | 1.85 | 1.29 | $58.42 | $121,510 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 4,180 | 2.37 | 1.65 | $64.67 | $134,510 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 3,840 | 1.65 | 1.15 | $59.57 | $123,910 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,780 | 3.71 | 2.59 | $73.60 | $153,090 |
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,680 | 2.42 | 1.69 | $55.47 | $115,370 |
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ | 3,430 | 1.83 | 1.28 | $39.08 | $81,290 |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 3,410 | 1.16 | 0.81 | $49.72 | $103,410 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT | 2,760 | 6.61 | 4.62 | $67.42 | $140,240 |
San Rafael, CA Metropolitan Division | 590 | 5.26 | 3.67 | $63.35 | $131,770.00 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,780 | 3.71 | 2.59 | $73.60 | $153,090 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 24,050 | 3.71 | 2.59 | $72.56 | $150,930 |
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA Metropolitan Division | 3,290 | 3.26 | 2.28 | $68.43 | $142,330 |
Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL | 390 | 2.94 | 2.05 | $58.49 | $121,670 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 10,230 | 2.87 | 2 | $53.09 | $110,420 |
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA | 880 | 2.53 | 1.77 | $35.04 | $72,890 |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson,MD | 3,330 | 2.53 | 1.77 | $47.07 | $97,910 |
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI | 2,090 | 2.51 | 1.75 | $44.79 | $93,170 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
New York |
23,710 |
2.78 |
2.06 |
$59.25 |
$123,250 |
California |
22,390 |
1.57 |
1.16 |
$44.63 |
$92,830 |
Texas |
11,720 |
1.11 |
0.82 |
$40.51 |
$84,260 |
Florida |
11,420 |
1.57 |
1.17 |
$38.86 |
$80,830 |
Illinois |
9,370 |
1.66 |
1.23 |
$40.22 |
$83,650 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
New York |
23,710 |
2.78 |
2.06 |
$59.25 |
$123,250 |
Delaware |
970 |
2.40 |
1.78 |
$41.25 |
$85,800 |
Connecticut |
3,580 |
2.21 |
1.64 |
$62.84 |
$130,710 |
Massachusetts |
6,470 |
2.02 |
1.50 |
$52.88 |
$109,980 |
New Hampshire |
1,040 |
1.69 |
1.26 |
$36.89 |
$76,740 |
*(1)
注:
(1)Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2)以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
参考资料:
(1)个人理财顾问-2014USNEWS职业排名USNEWS
(2)Personal financial advisorsUS Bureau of LaborStatistics
(3)Personal financial advisors-SummaryUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4)Personal financial advisors-Job OutlookUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5)Personal financial advisors- How to Become a Personal financial advisorUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6)Personal financial advisors- What Personal financial advisors DoUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7)Personal financial advisors- Work EnvironmentUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(8)Personal financial advisors-PayUS Bureau of Labor Statistics