• 制图师
    • 工作内容
    • 入行门槛
    • 就业展望与薪资
    • 2015年
    • 2012年

制图师

制图师(Drafters)

基本学位要求

副学士及以上

平均年薪

机械制图师:$56,610*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:$53,470*(2)

电气及电子制图师:$62,890*(3)

其它制图师:$53,660*(4)

薪水范围(25%-75%)

机械制图师:$42,320 - $68,020*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:$40,810 - $62,290 *(2)

电气及电子制图师:$46,360 - $77,020 *(3)

其它制图师:$38,660 - $63,840*(4)

典型专业

制图专业(社区学院或技术学院)

工作经验要求

无 *(5)

岗前培训

否*(5)

从业人数

机械制图师:65,250*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:95,280 *(2)

电气及电子制图师:29,200 *(3)

其它制图师:15,470*(4)

十年岗位增数

机械制图师:-4,500

土木及建筑制图师:-2,800

电气及电子制图师:1,600

其它制图师:-500 *(6)

十年岗位增幅

机械制图师:-7%

土木及建筑制图师:-3%

电气及电子制图师:+5%

其它制图师:-3% *(6)

产业最集中

机械制图师:康涅狄格州*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:蒙大拿州 *(2)

电气及电子制图师:特拉华州 *(3)

其它制图师:路易斯安那州*(4)

从业人口最多

机械制图师:德克萨斯州*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:加利福尼亚州 *(2)

电气及电子制图师:加利福尼亚州*(3)

其它制图师:德克萨斯州*(4)

认证机构

美国设计制图协会 *(7)

注:

(1)薪水范围(25%-75%)表示:50%的从业人员的薪水位处该薪资水平段之间——25%低于该水平,25%高于该水平

(2)岗前培训表示:该职业从业人员被公司录用后,正式上岗或获得熟练技能前所需的培训状况。

(3)十年岗位增数表示:2014-2024年该职业预期将增加的就业岗位数,同理“十年岗位增幅”

制图师(Drafters),或称制图员、绘图员,作为一个职业,是对包括机械制图师(Mechanical Drafters)、土木及建筑制图师(Architectural and Civil Drafters)、电气及电子制图师(Electrical and Electronics Drafters)在内的三种主要制图师以及其它领域制图师的总称。

工作内容

制图师利用软件绘制机械结构图、工序图、工程图、施工图、设计图、电路图等——视专注领域而异。*(8)

工作职责:

  • 设计和规划CADD(computer-aided design and drafting)的使用;
  • 在理解工程及制造技术的基础上,有效绘制相关图纸;
  • 将施工及技术细节写入图纸;
  • 准备多方位的工程图纸,供工程师使用与查看;
  • 在工程师的督导下,标注工程图尺寸、材料、工序及工艺等。

制图师主要使用CADD软件设计和绘制相关工程图,需要十分熟练相关软件,并具备一定得相关专业背景。如机械制图师,应当了解一定的机械专业知识等。

制图师根据工作种类的不同,需要熟练使用的软件也不同,一般一个制图师必须能非常熟练地使用一种或几种制图软件。

更细分的制图师可分为:

  • 航空工程制图师(Aeronautical drafters)
  • 建筑制图师(Architectural drafters)
  • 土木制图师(Civil drafters)
  • 电气制图师(Electrical drafters)
  • 电子制图师(Electronics drafters)
  • 机械制图师(Mechanical drafters)
  • 工艺管道制图师(Process piping or pipeline drafters)

制图师主要使用电脑在办公室办公,一般全职工作,甚少兼职,加班并不罕见。*(9

入行门槛

制图师一般只需要副学士学历即可。一般四年制大学并不开设专门的制图专业,或进行制图培训。但四年制大学却开设诸如土木工程机械工程电气工程电子工程之类的专业,可以让学生更深入的了解到相关的专业背景知识,而且这类专业通常设有相关的制图课程。因此毕业于四年制大学,并获得相关工学学士的学生,相比毕业于社区学院或技术学院单制图专业的学生,竞争力更强——至少不亚于。

制图师一般无需取得相应执照。美国设计制图协会(ADDA)设有一种制图师证书项目,但该项目的考试不包含计算机软件知识。获得该证书可以增强制图师的职业竞争力。

制图师相关的重要技能或品质:

  • 批判性思维(Critical-thinking skills)
  • 注重细节(Detail oriented)
  • 人际交往能力(Interpersonal skills)
  • 软件技能(Technical skills)
  • 时间管理技巧(Time-management skills)*(7)

就业展望与薪资

制图师主要就职于建筑及工程相关行业,该行业的制图师从业人数占总数的50%以上。其它相对集中的行业还有半导体及电子产业、电力系统、导航及导航控制仪器行业等。

制图师的薪水在美国属于中等,按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,工程师行业平均年薪为$83,340,工程技术员的平均薪水为$49,600而制图师当年的平均年薪为$47,880,略高于工程技术员。*(1) *(10)

就美国来说,制图师未来职业岗位增长的期望一般。按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)全体制图师的岗位数预计会减少6,200人,减幅为-3%,2024年为198,300人。*(6)

2015年

  • 机械制图师

美国从业人数最多州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Texas 5,140 0.44 0.94 $29.98 $62,370
Michigan 3,970 0.96 2.02 $26.33 $54,770
California 3,890 0.25 0.53 $28.56 $59,410.00
New York 3,780 0.42 0.89 $26.78 $55,700
Pennsylvania 3,490 0.61 1.29 $25.69 $53,430.00

*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Maine 660 1.12 2.36 $26.01 $54,100
Wisconsin 3,040 1.1 2.32 $24.41 $50,760
Connecticut 1,790 1.08 2.28 $29.05 $60,430.00
Michigan 3,970 0.96 2.02 $26.33 $54,770
Oklahoma 1,520 0.95 2.01 $25.50 $53,050.00

*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区: 

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 2,210 0.75 1.59 $32.97 $68,570
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 2,200 0.62 1.3 $28.74 $59,770.00
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 1,890 0.29 0.62 $27.29 $56,770
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division 1,840 1.2 2.53 $38.34 $79,760
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI Metropolitan Division 1,720 1.47 3.1 $27.49 $57,170
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 1,580 0.84 1.78 $29.14 $60,610
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 960 0.23 0.5 $26.93 $56,010
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 920 1.11 2.34 $25.62 $53,290
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 900 0.39 0.82 $31.58 $65,680
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 880 0.35 0.75 $26.11 $54,320

*(1)

美国产业业最集中都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Columbus, IN 210 4.17 8.82 $26.02 $54,110
Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 160 2.59 5.48 $31.28 $65,070.00
Midland, MI 80 2.38 5.03 - -
Appleton, WI 270 2.21 4.66 $26.91 $55,970
Sheboygan, WI 130 2.17 4.58 $26.03 $54,150
Fond du Lac, WI 100 2.14 4.53 $22.39 $46,570
Elmira, NY 70 1.96 4.14 $25.70 $53,450
Wausau, WI 120 1.69 3.57 $23.14 $48,120
Tulsa, OK 730 1.69 3.58 $28.25 $58,760
Savannah, GA 270 1.65 3.48 $40.14 $83,500

*(1)

  • 土木及建筑制图师

美国从业人数最多州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
California 13,650 0.88 1.27 $27.91 $58,050
Texas 11,980 1.04 1.5 $28.39 $59,040
New York 6,420 0.71 1.03 $26.46 $55,040.00
Florida 6,250 0.79 1.14 $23.51 $48,900
Pennsylvania 4,940 0.87 1.25 $25.05 $52,100.00

*(2)
美国产业最集中州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Utah 1,670 1.26 1.82 $23.57 $49,020
Wyoming 330 1.17 1.69 $20.86 $43,390
Montana 490 1.09 1.58 $22.69 $47,200.00
Texas 11,980 1.04 1.5 $28.39 $59,040
Maine 520 0.88 1.27 $21.45 $44,610.00

*(2)
美国从业人数最多都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 5,010 0.77 1.12 $27.05 $56,260
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 4,800 1.64 2.37 $33.14 $68,930.00
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 3,500 0.85 1.24 $28.34 $58,940
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 2,340 0.65 0.95 $25.02 $52,050
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 2,020 0.87 1.25 $26.30 $54,710
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division 1,990 1.3 1.89 $27.25 $56,680
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 1,840 0.74 1.08 $25.42 $52,870
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 1,830 0.97 1.41 $26.35 $54,810
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division 1,750 0.99 1.44 $27.60 $57,400
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division 1,430 0.59 0.85 $25.68 $53,410

*(2)

美国产业业最集中都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 100 2.07 3 $22.98 $47,800
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 320 1.94 2.81 $39.08 $81,290.00
Billings, MT 160 1.87 2.71 $24.53 $51,020
Ames, IA 70 1.7 2.46 $30.36 $63,140
Corvallis, OR 60 1.68 2.43 $24.68 $51,340
St. George, UT 90 1.64 2.37 $21.76 $45,270
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 4,800 1.64 2.37 $33.14 $68,930
Ocala, FL 150 1.52 2.2 $16.75 $34,840
Salt Lake City, UT 950 1.45 2.1 $24.64 $51,250
Tyler, TX 140 1.43 2.07 $30.56 $63,560

*(2)

  • 电气及电子制图师

美国从业人数最多州(前五): 

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
California 5,790 0.37 1.76 $29.50 $61,360
Texas 3,310 0.29 1.35 $36.17 $75,240
New York 1,710 0.19 0.9 $33.96 $70,630.00
Pennsylvania 1,130 0.2 0.94 $29.16 $60,660
Florida 1,000 0.13 0.6 $22.78 $47,380.00

*(3)
美国产业最集中州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
New Hampshire 260 0.4 1.9 $30.66 $63,770
California 5,790 0.37 1.76 $29.50 $61,360
Hawaii 210 0.34 1.59 $30.59 $63,620.00
Arizona 850 0.33 1.56 $28.33 $58,930
Maine 190 0.32 1.5 $31.60 $65,730.00

*(3)
美国从业人数最多都会区: 

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 1,520 0.52 2.45 $40.24 $83,690
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 1,130 0.18 0.83 $36.11 $75,120.00
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 970 0.71 3.37 $27.50 $57,200
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 830 0.2 0.95 $28.96 $60,240
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 810 0.35 1.65 $32.99 $68,620
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 730 0.39 1.84 $28.65 $59,600
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division 720 0.47 2.2 $40.90 $85,070
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 590 0.58 2.74 $32.01 $66,570
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 530 0.15 0.71 $34.52 $71,810
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 470 0.35 1.63 $35.34 $73,500

*(3)
美国产业业最集中都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division 140 1.07 5.08 $33.43 $69,530
Billings, MT 90 1.02 4.8 $24.68 $51,340.00
Huntsville, AL 190 0.9 4.25 $35.90 $74,680
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 970 0.71 3.37 $27.50 $57,200
Framingham, MA NECTA Division 120 0.68 3.21 $31.99 $66,540
Mankato-North Mankato, MN 30 0.62 2.95 $27.23 $56,630
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 590 0.58 2.74 $32.01 $66,570
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 90 0.52 2.43 $25.31 $52,650
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 1,520 0.52 2.45 $40.24 $83,690
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division 720 0.47 2.2 $40.90 $85,070

*(3)

  • 其它制图师

美国从业人数最多州(前五):

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Texas 1,740 0.15 1.34 $30.87 $64,210
California 1,310 0.08 0.76 $27.79 $57,800
Ohio 1,140 0.22 1.93 $24.35 $50,650.00
Louisiana 940 0.48 4.31 $26.35 $54,800
New York 850 0.09 0.84 $28.35 $58,960.00

*(4)
美国产业最集中州(前五): 

State Employment Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Louisiana 940 0.48 4.31 $26.35 $54,800
Oregon 670 0.39 3.45 $25.05 $52,110
Montana 160 0.35 3.1 $26.15 $54,390.00
New Hampshire 150 0.23 2.08 $26.31 $54,730
Washington 650 0.22 1.93 $27.99 $58,210.00

*(4)
美国从业人数最多都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 690 0.24 2.1 $39.00 $81,130
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division 590 0.09 0.82 $30.28 $62,990.00
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 530 0.49 4.34 $25.74 $53,540
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division 390 0.25 2.24 $28.02 $58,280
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 380 0.2 1.79 $25.06 $52,130
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division 330 0.08 0.71 $29.03 $60,380
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division 320 0.14 1.23 $25.43 $52,890
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 300 0.29 2.58 $26.36 $54,830
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division 280 0.08 0.71 $32.30 $67,190
New Orleans-Metairie, LA 280 0.49 4.41 $32.70 $68,010

*(4)
美国产业业最集中都会区:

Metropolitan area Employment  Employment per thousand jobs Location quotient Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Monroe, LA 70 0.92 8.2 $21.08 $43,840
Lafayette, LA 170 0.78 6.99 $28.88 $60,080.00
Houma-Thibodaux, LA 60 0.64 5.67 $27.33 $56,840
Dubuque, IA 40 0.61 5.45 $22.50 $46,810
Eugene, OR 90 0.59 5.3 $23.99 $49,890
Baton Rouge, LA 200 0.51 4.55 $21.31 $44,330
Portsmouth, NH-ME 40 0.49 4.35 $29.70 $61,770
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 530 0.49 4.34 $25.74 $53,540
New Orleans-Metairie, LA 280 0.49 4.41 $32.70 $68,010
Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 40 0.48 4.31 $31.53 $65,580

*(4)
注:

(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]

(2) 以上十六个表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。

2012年

美国从业人数最多州(前五)

机械制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Texas

4,610

0

0.9

$27.85

$57,940.00

California

4,500

0

0.65

$27.72

$57,660.00

Pennsylvania

4,350

1

1.6

$23.41

$48,700.00

Michigan

4,350

1

2.29

$23.77

$49,450.00

Ohio

2,990

1

1.22

$22.57

$46,950.00

*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

California

11,800

1

1.29

$27.49

$57,180.00

Texas

8,990

1

1.33

$23.00

$47,830.00

Florida

5,620

1

1.21

$22.38

$46,550.00

New York

5,470

1

1

$25.79

$53,640

Pennsylvania

4,250

1

1.19

$22.67

$47,150

*(2)

电气及电子制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

California

11,800

1

1.29

$27.49

$57,180.00

Texas

8,990

1

1.33

$23.00

$47,830.00

Florida

5,620

1

1.21

$22.38

$46,550.00

New York

5,470

1

1

$25.79

$53,640

Pennsylvania

4,250

1

1.19

$22.67

$47,150

*(3)

其它制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Texas

1,890

0

1.57

$26.20

$54,500.00

California

1,660

0

1.02

$25.51

$53,050.00

Ohio

760

0

1.32

$22.10

$45,960.00

Illinois

660

0

1.03

$23.88

$49,660.00

Louisiana

620

0

2.94

$21.47

$44,660

*(4)

美国产业最集中州(前五)

机械制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Connecticut

1,950

1

2.48

$27.02

$56,190.00

Michigan

4,350

1

2.29

$23.77

$49,450.00

Maine

620

1

2.18

$25.16

$52,340

Minnesota

2,770

1

2.16

$26.78

$55,700

Wisconsin

2,790

1.04

2.15

$24.27

$50,480

*(1)

土木及建筑制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Montana

570

1

2.05

$21.27

$44,250

Utah

1,420

1

1.84

$22.89

$47,610

Wyoming

250

0.9

1.4

$22.03

$45,830

Hawaii

520

0.88

1.37

$22.82

$47,470

Alaska

280

0.87

1.36

$31.54

$65,590

*(2)

电气及电子制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Delaware

190

0.46

2.14

$27.17

$56,510

Washington

1,090

0.4

1.83

$34.88

$72,560

Texas

3,790

0.36

1.66

$31.43

$65,370

Kansas

440

0.34

1.55

$24.74

$51,460

Maryland

800

0.32

1.47

$29.87

$62,130

*(3)

其它制图师:

State

Employment

Employment per thousand jobs

Location quotient 

Hourly mean wage

Annual mean wage 

Louisiana

620

0.33

2.94

$21.47

$44,660

New Hampshire

200

0.32

2.85

$26.29

$54,680

Montana

140

0.31

2.77

$24.32

$50,590

Kentucky

540

0.31

2.7

$19.46

$40,480

Oregon

440

0.27

2.4

$24.00

$49,910

*(4)

注:

(1)Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]

(2)以上八张表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。

参考资料:

(1) Mechanical Drafters US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(2) Architectural and Civil Drafters US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(3) Electrical and Electronics Drafters US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(4) Drafters, All Other US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(5) Drafters-Summary US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(6) Drafters-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(7) Drafters- How to Become an Civil Engineer US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(8) Drafters- What Drafters Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(9) Drafters- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics

(10) Drafters-Pay US Bureau of Labor Statistics


Mon Oct 24 15:35:40 CST 2016
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