工作内容
统计师(Statisticians)使用数学技术收集、分析及释义数据并得出结论,许多经济、社会、政治及军事决定都有赖于统计师的工作。按所从事的行业或机构不同,统计师一般可分为政府、卫生及制造三种。*(4)
工作职责:
- 定义及明确需要解决的问题;
- 确定需要何种数据以解决相关问题;
- 确定寻找及收集收据的方法;
- 设计调查方法、试验方法或民意测验以收集数据;
- 收集数据,或指导他人收集数据;
- 分析及释义数据;
- 报告分析结果。*(4)
工作环境
在商业领域——尤其是金融、保险等领域——统计师的职能与精算师、统计师、会计师等有较多重复的地方,因此,较少有统计师任职于商业领域。统计师主要任职于政府部门、科研机构(含科学、制造、工程等各领域)及各类高等教育机构,主要从事相关数据的统计工作,为相关科研或决策提供依据。商业领域的统计工作,多数由精算师、统计师、会计师等代为完成。
统计师主要全职工作,办公地点主要在办公室,但也需要经常出差或外出以收集相关信息。*(5)
入行门槛
统计师一般要求硕士以上学历,统计学、应用数学等数学背景非常强的专业毕业。统计师不需要有相关的注册认证或资格证书。统计师需要具备有非常强大的数学背景,并熟练使用数据库、统计分析及建模软件。任职于工程、制造或相关科学研究机构的统计师,还通常需要有相关的专业背景知识。*(6)
技能与品质
统计师的重要技能与品质:
- 批判性思维能力(Critical-thinking skills)
- 数学能力(Mathematical skills)
- 解决问题能力(Problem-solving skills)
- 表达能力(Speaking skills)
- 写作能力(Writing skills)*(6)
就业展望与薪资
统计师普遍属于薪水较高的职业,以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局2015年5月公布的数据,美国统计师平均年薪$84,440,略低于数学相关职业的平均水准。而按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,数学相关职业的平均年薪为$73,720,而统计师当年的平均年薪为$72,830。*(1) *(6)
按美国劳工统计局的预测,统计师未来职业岗位的增长速度一般。按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)统计师的岗位数预计增加10,100人,预计增幅34%,达到40,100人。该职业增长预期远高于美国全行业平均预期增幅(7%),也高于整个数学相关职业的预期增幅(28%)。*(3)
美国统计师从业行业及薪水列表:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
联邦行政机构 |
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) |
4,390 |
0.22 |
$46.72 |
$97,170 |
科研与开发 |
Scientific Research and Development Services |
3,540 |
0.56 |
$43.41 |
$90,290 |
管理、科学及技术咨询 |
Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
2,240 |
0.20 |
$36.52 |
$75,970 |
高等教育 |
Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools |
2,120 |
0.07 |
$33.99 |
$70,690 |
州政府机构 |
State Government (OES Designation) |
1,990 |
0.09 |
$24.63 |
$51,230 |
*(1)
注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 3,820 | 0.25 | 1.14 | $44.79 | $93,160 |
Maryland | 3,090 | 1.19 | 5.49 | $47.09 | $97,940 |
Massachusetts | 2,530 | 0.75 | 3.45 | $40.14 | $83,490.00 |
Pennsylvania | 2,290 | 0.4 | 1.85 | $36.91 | $76,780 |
Texas | 1,390 | 0.12 | 0.55 | $37.38 | $77,740.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 1,280 | 1.9 | 8.76 | $51.44 | $107,000 |
Maryland | 3,090 | 1.19 | 5.49 | $47.09 | $97,940 |
Massachusetts | 2,530 | 0.75 | 3.45 | $40.14 | $83,490.00 |
Pennsylvania | 2,290 | 0.4 | 1.85 | $36.91 | $76,780 |
Washington | 970 | 0.33 | 1.5 | $42.29 | $87,960.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 3,480 | 1.44 | 6.65 | $48.30 | $100,460 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 2,030 | 1.15 | 5.32 | $39.51 | $82,170.00 |
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA | 1,080 | 1.23 | 5.69 | $35.23 | $73,280 |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 1,040 | 0.16 | 0.74 | $40.48 | $84,200 |
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division | 960 | 1.68 | 7.75 | $50.32 | $104,670 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 700 | 0.46 | 2.11 | $44.43 | $92,410 |
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA Metropolitan Division | 680 | 0.68 | 3.13 | $47.10 | $97,970 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 660 | 0.16 | 0.75 | $40.09 | $83,390 |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC | 560 | 1.96 | 9.06 | $49.29 | $102,520 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 550 | 0.3 | 1.36 | $38.40 | $79,870 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC | 560 | 1.96 | 9.06 | $49.29 | $102,520 |
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division | 960 | 1.68 | 7.75 | $50.32 | $104,670.00 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 3,480 | 1.44 | 6.65 | $48.30 | $100,460 |
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA | 1,080 | 1.23 | 5.69 | $35.23 | $73,280 |
Framingham, MA NECTA Division | 210 | 1.21 | 5.57 | $51.52 | $107,150 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 2,030 | 1.15 | 5.32 | $39.51 | $82,170 |
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA | 280 | 0.89 | 4.11 | $31.12 | $64,720 |
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA Metropolitan Division | 680 | 0.68 | 3.13 | $47.10 | $97,970 |
Philadelphia, PA Metropolitan Division | 550 | 0.63 | 2.9 | $37.78 | $78,590 |
Ann Arbor, MI | 130 | 0.62 | 2.86 | $42.63 | $88,670 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
Maryland |
3,140 |
1.25 |
6.37 |
$45.05 |
$93,700 |
California |
3,040 |
0.21 |
1.08 |
$45.74 |
$95,150 |
Massachusetts |
1,690 |
0.53 |
2.69 |
$45.21 |
$94,040 |
Pennsylvania |
1,480 |
0.26 |
1.35 |
$32.31 |
$67,200 |
New York |
1,320 |
0.15 |
0.79 |
$33.56 |
$69,800 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia |
830 |
1.26 |
6.44 |
$49.60 |
$103,160 |
Maryland |
3,140 |
1.25 |
6.37 |
$45.05 |
$93,700 |
Massachusetts |
1,690 |
0.53 |
2.69 |
$45.21 |
$94,040 |
Washington |
1,190 |
0.43 |
2.19 |
$32.24 |
$67,070 |
Connecticut |
550 |
0.34 |
1.72 |
$41.32 |
$85,950 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
参考资料:
(1) Statisticians US Bureau of LaborStatistics
(2) Statisticians-Summary US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Statisticians-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Statisticians- What Statisticians Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Statisticians- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Statisticians- How to Become a Statistician US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7) Statisticians-Pay US Bureau of Labor Statistics