网站开发师(Web Developers)又称网站开发工程师(Web Development Engineers)。
工作内容
网站开发师负责设计和开发网站,包括网站的视觉效果、技术架构、网站性能及容许并发,有时甚至还包括创作网站的内容等。*(5)
工作职责:
- 约见客户或相关管理人员讨论网站的需求、期望功能、受众及外观样式等;
- 负责建设网站,并解除网站BUG;
- 使用诸如HTML或XML之类的语言编写代码,创建网站;
- 与团队的其它成员协作,确定网站的功能与内容;
- 与网页设计师或其它设计人员协作,确定网页的布局并引入图像图形及视听效果等;
- 监视网站并发情况
按分工不同,网站开发师可以分为以下3类:
- 网站架构师或程序员(Web architects or programmers):负责后台设计及网站功能的实现;
- 网页设计师(Web designers):负责网页的美化、布局及设计;
- 网站管理员(Webmasters);负责测试及维护网站的日常运行,并及时反馈网站异常。
网站开发师主要就职于各类网站或各类IT技术公司。网站开发师一般全职工作,在办公室办公,加班较为常见。*(6)
入行门槛
网站开发师一般要求有学士学位,计算机科学、计算机工程或信息技术相关专业毕业,一般不需要有相关的工作经验,无需MBA或MIS(信息技术管理硕士)学位以及相关的注册认证。网站开发师一般需要掌握熟练掌握HTML或XML语言,不少网站开发师还需要掌握Java Script、SQL乃至Java或PHP、.Net等多种程序语言。*(7)
品质与技能
网站开发师的重要品质与技能:
- 专注(Concentration)
- 创新能力(Creativity)
- 客户服务技巧(Customer-service skills)
- 注重细节(Detail oriented)
- 领导力(Leadership skills)
- 团队精神(Teamwork)
就业展望与薪资
网站开发师的薪水较高,以美国为例,按美国劳工统计局2015年5月公布的数据,美国网站开发师平均年薪$70,660,略低于计算机行业的平均水准。而按2010年美国劳工统计局公布的数据,美国全行业平均年薪仅$33,840,计算机行业的平均年薪为$73,710。*(1) *(8)
就美国来说,网站开发师未来职业岗位的增长速度较快。按美国劳工统计局的预测,未来十年(2014-2024)网站开发师的岗位数预计增加39,500人,预计增幅27%,达到188,000人。该职业增长预期远高于美国全行业平均预期增幅(7%),远高于计算机行业的预期增幅(12%)。*(3)
注:岗位预测的数据是包括网站开发师、网页开发师、计算机网络架构师三个职业在内的总体数据。
美国网站开发师从业行业及薪水列表:
行业 |
行业英文名 |
从业人数 |
比例(‰) |
时新 |
年薪 |
计算机系统及其相关服务 |
Computer Systems Design and Related Services |
21,650 |
1.36 |
$32.20 |
$66,970 |
其它信息服务 |
Other Information Services |
6,180 |
3.64 |
$32.13 |
$66,820 |
数据处理、托管及相关服务业 |
Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services |
5,230 |
2.09 |
$33.87 |
$70,440 |
广告、公关及其相关行业 |
Advertising,Public Relations, and Related Services |
4,930 |
1.15 |
$30.96 |
$64,400 |
管理、科学及技术咨询 |
Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services |
4,880 |
0.44 |
$32.83 |
$68,280 |
*(2)
注:以上数据为2012年美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2015年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
California | 21,320 | 1.38 | 1.49 | $39.23 | $81,610 |
New York | 10,330 | 1.15 | 1.25 | $37.65 | $78,310 |
Texas | 9,240 | 0.8 | 0.87 | $33.08 | $68,800.00 |
Florida | 7,620 | 0.96 | 1.04 | $29.27 | $60,890 |
Illinois | 4,860 | 0.83 | 0.9 | $35.50 | $73,830.00 |
*(1)
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia | 1,350 | 2 | 2.17 | $39.74 | $82,670 |
Vermont | 530 | 1.75 | 1.9 | $31.34 | $65,190 |
Oregon | 2,970 | 1.71 | 1.86 | $30.73 | $63,920.00 |
Maryland | 4,340 | 1.67 | 1.81 | $36.62 | $76,160 |
Washington | 4,450 | 1.49 | 1.62 | $41.15 | $85,590.00 |
*(1)
美国从业人数最多都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 8,600 | 1.33 | 1.44 | $39.77 | $82,710 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 5,370 | 1.31 | 1.42 | $33.85 | $70,410 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 4,310 | 1.78 | 1.93 | $41.75 | $86,840 |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,640 | 3.57 | 3.87 | $46.83 | $97,400 |
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 3,630 | 1.02 | 1.1 | $38.01 | $79,070 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 3,480 | 2.26 | 2.46 | $44.11 | $91,740 |
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division | 2,950 | 1.27 | 1.37 | $35.06 | $72,920 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 2,930 | 2.89 | 3.14 | $51.68 | $107,500 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 2,900 | 1.54 | 1.67 | $33.44 | $69,560 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division | 2,590 | 1.47 | 1.6 | $38.83 | $80,760 |
*(1)
美国产业业最集中都会区:
Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA Metropolitan Division | 3,640 | 3.57 | 3.87 | $46.83 | $97,400 |
Boulder, CO | 550 | 3.24 | 3.51 | $30.64 | $63,720 |
Burlington-South Burlington, VT | 360 | 3.01 | 3.27 | $34.23 | $71,200 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 2,930 | 2.89 | 3.14 | $51.68 | $107,500 |
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division | 1,360 | 2.37 | 2.57 | $38.75 | $80,610 |
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA | 2,530 | 2.32 | 2.52 | $31.23 | $64,950 |
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division | 3,480 | 2.26 | 2.46 | $44.11 | $91,740 |
Provo-Orem, UT | 460 | 2.22 | 2.4 | $31.02 | $64,530 |
Columbia, MO | 190 | 2.1 | 2.27 | $30.34 | $63,110 |
Austin-Round Rock, TX | 1,890 | 2.04 | 2.21 | $36.82 | $76,580 |
*(1)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
2012年
美国从业人数最多州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
California |
15,110 |
1.06 |
1.34 |
$34.39 |
$71,530 |
New York |
7,940 |
0.93 |
1.18 |
$36.63 |
$76,190 |
Texas |
7,130 |
0.67 |
0.85 |
$30.44 |
$63,320 |
Florida |
6,270 |
0.86 |
1.09 |
$29.03 |
$60,390 |
Massachusetts |
4,640 |
1.45 |
1.83 |
$35.58 |
$74,000 |
美国产业最集中州(前五):
State |
Employment |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage |
District of Columbia |
1,240 |
1.89 |
2.40 |
$39.02 |
$81,150 |
Washington |
4,240 |
1.54 |
1.94 |
$34.82 |
$72,430 |
Massachusetts |
4,640 |
1.45 |
1.83 |
$35.58 |
$74,000 |
Utah |
1,700 |
1.42 |
1.79 |
$27.60 |
$57,400 |
Oregon |
2,260 |
1.40 |
1.78 |
$33.22 |
$69,100 |
*(2)
注:
(1) Location quotient :产业集中指数,其数值是该州该产业的从业人数的比重与全美平均水准的比值,大于1代表该州该职业每千人从业人数比例高于全美平均水平,反之,小于1则代表其低于全美平均水平。公式:(Employment per thousand jobs)/[Σ(Employment per thousand jobs)/50]
(2) 以上两表均是2012年5月美国劳工统计局公布的数据。
参考资料:
(1) 网站开发师-2014USNEWS美国最佳职业 USNEWS
(2) Web Developers US Bureau of LaborStatistics
(3)Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-SummaryUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-Job Outlook US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- What Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects Do US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- Work Environment US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(7) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects- How to Become an Information Security Analyst, Web Developer, and Computer Network Architect US Bureau of Labor Statistics
(8) Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects-Pay US Bureau of Labor Statistics